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Electrostatic Force

Electrostatic Force. Coulomb’s Law. -. Charges. Two charges of the same type repel one another. +. +. Two charges of the opposite type attract one another. +. The two charges will experience a FORCE pushing them apart or pulling them together. r. How much force?.

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Electrostatic Force

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  1. Electrostatic Force Coulomb’s Law

  2. - Charges Two charges of the same type repel one another + + Two charges of the opposite type attract one another + The two charges will experience a FORCE pushing them apart or pulling them together

  3. r How much force? The amount of force that two charged objects experience depends on three factors 1. The charges on the objects (q1 and q2) 2. The distance between them (r) 3. The electrostatic constant (k) = 8.99 x 109 N·m2/C2 q1 q2 We use Coulomb’s Law to calculate this force

  4. F r Coulomb vs. Newton This equation looks very much like Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation! Look carefully at the Coulomb’s Law equation Both have an INVERSE SQUARE relationship between FORCE and DISTANCE Gravitational force concerns MASS Coulomb force is about CHARGE

  5. Which is stronger? Electrostatic force is MUCH stronger than gravitational force for small, charged objects like electrons and protons!!! • Consider two electrons 1μm apart • What is the gravitational force between them? • Depends on mass • What is the electrostatic force between them? • Depends on charge 5.54 x 10-59 N 2.30 x 10-16 N

  6. Example What is the electrostatic force between these two objects? A negative answer shows that the force is ATTRACTIVE r = 2.0 m q2 = +2C q1 = -2C

  7. Example What is the electrostatic force between these two objects? A positive answer shows that the force is REPULSIVE r = 5 nm q2 = -2μC q1 = -5μC

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