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Communist China 1949-55

Communist China 1949-55. Needed to have an easy transition for peasants, workers and capitalists Involved restructuring economy, social programs and politics Country divided into 6 zones controlled by military until 1954. 3 yrs recovery 10 yrs development.

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Communist China 1949-55

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  1. Communist China 1949-55

  2. Needed to have an easy transition for peasants, workers and capitalists Involved restructuring economy, social programs and politics Country divided into 6 zones controlled by military until 1954 3 yrs recovery 10 yrs development

  3. Treaty of Friendship w/ Russia (1945) – guaranteed Soviets Outer Mongolia, assured mutual defense, China agreed not to let anyone else to trade in Manchuria and Xinjuang • Mao believed US-Soviet rivalry the main political force on the world, nervous about a US-Soviet alliance to invade China • Mao believed US wanted to attack USSR but was not ready, so they attacked intermediate zones instead Foreign relations

  4. US refused to acknowledge PRC, Mao made it difficult by imprisoning, kicking out or beating up American businessmen & ambassadors

  5. CCP organized mass movements to connect public to important political decisions, giving them an active role in developments through marches, discussions, poster campaigns • Cadres were formed into 8 levels of command • Media: People’s Daily set up to spread propaganda and denounce anti-communism • Crime: crackdown on organized crime, abolished prostitution, rehabilitated opium addicts, outlawed gambling Political restructuring

  6. Secret police similar to Russia’s KGB created to deal with KMT agents Classes of people are created:

  7. Five red categories Seven black categories • Poor/Middle Class Peasants • Workers • Revolutionary Soldiers • Revolutionary Cadres • Dependents of martyrs • Landlords • Rich Peasants • Reactionaries • Bad Elements • Rightists • Traitors • Spies One Million fell under Black Category

  8. Marriage: Free & consensual, no longer arranged, gave women equality Forbidden: child marriage, polygamy, killing/selling children, feet binding Health Clinics/Child care centers set up Education: literacy campaigns, focused on science & Maoist ideas Social reforms

  9. Business taken from landlords & KMT • Private business by National Capitalists • Trade under state control • Co-operatives • Small individual business • Banks nationalized Trade • State stores set up • State determines prices & wages • By 1956 private sector gone, state controls everything Economic reforms

  10. Feudal/forced labor abolished Cadres dispersed in countryside Cadres set up local peasant associations/militias Landlords refund rent Status of villager rises “Speak Bitterness” meetings for villagers to denounce their oppressors Agricultural reforms

  11. Property of rich given to peasants Some plots too small, cooperatives are created Collectivization at first voluntary, by 1955 it’s compulsory, private ownership abolished

  12. Trade unions organized on Soviet model converting workers into Party members • Five year Plan 1953 • Competition among workers to fill quotas • Stress underdeveloped interior (cities) • Focus on Heavy Industry • Large scale projects • Army repaired railway system, built roads and canals industry

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