1949 China Turns Communist

1. 1949 China Turns Communist

2. 1962 Cuba Turns Communist

3. 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis The end of the world as we know it?

4. 1950-1953 Korean War

5. 1955-1975 Vietnam War

6. 1989 COLD WAR ENDS DISSOLUTION (or breaking apart) of the Soviet Union

7. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle U.S. & other Western Democracies USSR & Eastern Bloc Nations GOAL spread world-wide Communism GOAL “Containment” of Communism and spread of Capitalism worldwide • How the war was fought: • Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] • Arms Race [nuclear escalation] • Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples • Proxy Wars

8. Who started the Cold War?

9. Fragile Alliance During WWII • U.S. upset Stalin had signed the nonaggression pact with Germany in 1939. • Stalin blamed the Allies for not invading Nazi occupied Europe earlier than 1944.

10. Yalta Conference (Feb 1945): The Beginning of the Cold War? • Leaders of U.S., Britain and Soviet Union met in Yalta to discuss post WWII plans. • They agreed • to divide Germany into occupation zones controlled by Allied military forces. • to make Germany pay the Soviet Union for the loss of life and property. • the Soviet Union would join the war against Japan. • Eastern European countries would have free elections. (U.S. is skeptical of Stalin’s promise)

11. Soviets Build a Buffer, 1945 • Soviet Union wanted to shield itself from another invasion from the West (Poles 17th c, Swedes 18c, French 19c, Germans 20c) • Stalin ignored the agreement made during the Yalta Conference and installed communist governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland and Yugoslavia. • Europe was divided between the Democratic Capitalist West and the Totalitarian Communist East.

12. “Iron Curtain Speech” - 1946 Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill • “From Stettin in the Baltic, to Trieste in the Adriatic, • an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” • Winston Churchill, 1946 In his speech, Churchill stated that Europe was divided into two hostile camps. Stalin viewed Churchill’s speech as “a call to war with the Soviet Union.”

13. Truman Doctrine, 1947 • The U.S. would give money and aid to countries threatened by communist expansion. • Led to a U.S. policy of containment, trying to keep communism within its existing borders. • U.S. gave $400,000,000 of aid to Greece and Turkey.

14. The Marshall Plan, 1947 • To help Europe recover from WWII, the U.S. Secretary of State, George Marshall, came up with a plan to provide economic aid to countries who needed it. • The hope was that giving food, machinery, and other materials to countries would prevent the spread of communism. • The Soviets saw this as a trick on the part of the United States to BUY support, and declined aid.

15. Germany is Divided After WWII Germany (and the city of Berlin) were divided into four sections Each of the Allies controlled a section Eventually West Germany unified as one country East Germany remained under the control of the USSR

16. Berlin Blockade and Airlift The Soviets protested the unification of France, Great Britain, and the U.S.’s occupied areas. They set up a blockade of West Berlin. Not allowing any trucks, ships or trains in to bring supplies to the 2 million residents. The Western powers decided to start the Berlin Airlift – for 10 months supplies and food were flown by U.S. & British planes from West Germany into West Berlin. USSR eventually lifted blockade.

17. Military Alliances • -Both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. wanted • security so they created new alliances. • U.S. and western European countries joined together to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or (NATO). • U.S.S.R joined with eastern European countries in an alliance called The Warsaw Pact. NATO, 1949 Warsaw, 1955

18. Who started the Cold War?