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Aldehydes

Aldehydes. SCH 4UI Mr.Snyder Culminating Project Sherry Wong Aly Kadar Kasey Bourgon. Define: Aldehydes. An organic compound characterized by a terminal carbonyl functional group. General Structure. Functional group Terminal Carbonyl group (C=O) + One H atom bonded to C +

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Aldehydes

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  1. Aldehydes SCH 4UI Mr.Snyder Culminating Project Sherry Wong Aly Kadar Kasey Bourgon

  2. Define: Aldehydes An organic compound characterized by a terminal carbonyl functional group

  3. General Structure Functional group Terminal Carbonyl group(C=O) + One H atom bonded to C + R (Either another H atom or an alkyl group [carbon chain]) ∴ Carbonyl group always occurs at the end of a carbon chain

  4. Functional Group: Another H atom The H atom is attached to the C in the carbonyl group IUPAC: Methanal Common name: Formaldehyde

  5. Functional Group: Alkyl Group • Attached to the C in the carbonyl group • Examples 1. Cyclohexanal 2. IUPAC: Ethanal (Common Name:Acetaldehyde)

  6. General Structure Functional group Carbonyl group (C=O) + One H atom bonded to C + R (Either another H atom or an alkyl group [carbon chain]) ∴ Carbonyl group always occurs at the end of a carbon chain

  7. General Structure Difference between ALDEHYDES & KETONES Carbonyl Group Aldehydes Ketones

  8. Nomenclature:A Change of Suffix Ex: Methane -> Methanal (AKA: Formaldehyde) • Carbonyl group always at the end of the carbon chain • Replace the -ane at the end of the name with an -al • aldehyde

  9. Physical & Chemical Properties Boiling Point: Lower than analogous alcohols (ex. Ethanol - 78°C / Ethanal - 21°C) H-Bonds: N/A (because there is no OH [hydroxide] groups) Polarity: Strong polar group (due to double C=O bond) (electronegativity) Solubility: High

  10. Everyday Life Uses Smaller → Strong, unpleasant odours HYDROGEN ATOM Formaldehyde(aka. IUPAC name = Methanal) • Simplest aldehyde • Colourless gas @ room temperature • In (aq) solution =antiseptic and disinfectant • Used as a preservative ONE CARBON Acetaldehyde(aka. IUPAC name = Ethanal) • Colourless liquid • Synthesis of resins, dyes, and preservatives

  11. Trimer = 3 molecules joined together into a single large molecule Acetaldehyde Hypnotic drug Formaldehyde Fumigate rooms against pests

  12. Everyday Life Uses Larger → Flowery, pleasant odours • Ex. Cinnamaldehyde • Found in essential oils of plants (ex. Frankincense egyptian and Rosalina Austrialian essential oils) • Used for fragrance in perfumes and aromatherapy products • Aldehydes are refered to as aliphatic or "fatty" aldehydes • Fatty aldehydes have a chain of 8-13 carbon atoms (ex. Chanel No.5 Perfume)

  13. Reactions Kasey

  14. Reaction Worksheet Kasey

  15. Bibliography Kessel, H. v., Jenkins, F., Davies, L., Plumb, D., Giuseppe, M. D., & Lantz, O. (2003). Nelson Chemistry 12 . Toronto: Kevin Martindale. Aldehydes. (n.d.). perfume ingredient, fragrance and essential oils. Retrieved November 25, 2013, from http://www.fragrantica.com/notes/Aldehydes-165.html

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