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Structure

Structure. How to look like you know what you’re doing when you don’t and how to avoid looking like you don’t when you do. Speech structure. The four-point structure Frame the debate – introduce the basic moral of practical stance your side stands behind.

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Structure

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  1. Structure How to look like you know what you’re doing when you don’t and how to avoid looking like you don’t when you do.

  2. Speech structure The four-point structure • Frame the debate – introduce the basic moral of practical stance your side stands behind. • Introduction – what are you points, what are you going to say • Say your points – clearly mark them out each time you move to a new one • Give a quick summary of what you said ~15 secs

  3. Giving the speech • How many points do you have – number them distinctly during prep • Give rebuttal – keep this separate from your main points unless you’re sure you can flag it up during your speech. • Tell the judge if you’re doing rebuttal or substansive • Clearly mark when you move from one point to the next

  4. Structuring points - SPEEL • S-tatus quo (or opposition’sview of events) • P-oint • E-xplanation • E-xample • L-ink

  5. Status quo • Debating is a comparative game, you win points relative to other people • The Status quo just means if you’re on prop make sure you outline the problem you’re solving and why it’s bad • If on Opp, highlight the problem they create and why that’s bad • Without comparing the world with/without the motion it’s very hard to win

  6. Point • A short title of what you’re trying to prove. • You do it so that the judge knows where you’re going from the start • If possible write it during prep otherwise it’s easy to get confused when you stand up • Even if you do nothing else, if the judge knows what you were trying to do they can give you better feedback on this point

  7. Explanation • This is where you detail why the point you have is true AND why it’s important • Very often both sides of the debate will give too visions of the world – both of what will happen and what things we ought to prioritise • When a judge comes to look at you they will decide whose world is more compelling • When preparing always ask the “why” test of everything you’re about to say

  8. Example • A fact, statistic, story, even an anecdote • Don’t worry you don’t have to know anything – a thought experiment “imagine a person in this scenario…” can work just as well • Also a place to set precedents about what we already do – if you’re banning extreme sports, explain why we ban certain activities already • Helps keep you relevant and helps people relate what you’re saying to the real world

  9. Link • Why does your point affect the pass or failure of the motion? • Just because you’re talking about animal testing doing something bad – doesn’t mean you’re explaining why it should be banned – See James and my exchange in BARD • If you do this it guarantees your argument is relevant and gives another chance to explain importance

  10. THW give all prisoners the unconditional right to vote in elections– give me ideas

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