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Recent techniques in Precision Agriculture in Asia. Byungkyun Chung. Introduction. In a broad sense agriculture includes cultivation of the soil, growing and harvesting crops, breeding and raising of livestock, dairying, and forestry
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Recent techniques in Precision Agriculture in Asia • Byungkyun Chung
Introduction • In a broad sense agriculture includes cultivation of the soil, growing and harvesting crops, breeding and raising of livestock, dairying, and forestry • Modern agriculture depends heavily on engineering and technology and on the biological and physical sciences for successful farming.
Introduction • Began farming 4000 yr ago in Asia • At present, SE Asia produces 150 M tons of paddy per year (25% of world production), of which 95% is consumed within the region. • While per capita demand is expected to decrease in the future, total demand for rice in SE Asia is increased
Introduction • SE Asia
Techniques in Agriculture in Asia • By hand • By using animal • Using terrace • Using small machinery • Using zero-burn
By zero-burning • To convert biomass into plant available nutrients • For poor farmer on acid upland soils • Low cost
Why they keep these techniques • Small farm land of local farmer in Asia • Poor money • Lack of knowledge • Developing country
Closed Field System(Hydroponic system) • The average farm size in East Asia is not large and cost efficiency for open field agriculture • Closed field systems (Hydroponic system) is for energy savings with zero emission • Greenhouses
Greenhouses • Advantages • Is to protect crops (vegetables) from unfavorable growing conditions (bad weather, insects and birds) • Use natural and renewable energy (solar, wind, biomass) • Higher yield and lower costs
Greenhouses • Disadvantages • Generated Chloride gas from PVC if it is burn (180 ˚C) • Plastic wastes-burn, recycling • Accumulation of undesirable salts in system (Dumping entire solution which plants need)
Greenhouses • Mulching → row covers → small tunnels → plastic houses
Greenhouses • More than half of the world area of plastic greenhouses is in Asia and again China has the largest area • Framed and Floating- Tunnels and Floating Mulching (Okinawa, Japan)
Greenhouses • Use material as PVC, EVA, PE, PET (long wave radiation), Rigid polyester rigid and so on • Glass greenhouse is best ($126/m2 cost)
Adapting Techniques in Precision agriculture in Asia • Integrating the elements necessary for fertilization recommendation system. • Pest management system • Developing machinery for yield monitoring and mapping system • Field-based remote sensing system • Variable-rate pesticide spraying system • Variable-rate fertilizing system
Conclusion • Precision agricultural techniques have lots of benefits. • Rice and Wheat price are lower in California, USA than in Korea.
Conclusion In USA, precision agriculture techniques have researched for 10years and recommend the techniques However, in Asia researchers begin to find suitable techniques for small farming area.
Reference • www.adbio.com/science/agri-history.htm • www.photovault.com • Ernst Mutert and T.H. Fairhurst. 2002. “Developments in Rice Production in Southeast Asia”. Better Crops International. Vol 15. Special Supplement. pp 12-17. • www.abc.net.au/science/slab/rice/story.htm • http://www.agnet.org/library/article/eb478.htm • http://ecaaser3.ecaa.ntu.edu.tw/weifang/Bio-ctrl/cuc-chap1.pdf
Reference • http://cigr-ejournal.tamu.edu/Submissions%5CInvited%20Overview%20Fu-ming%20Lu%202Feb2004.pdf • http://europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/projects/asia-itc/html/areas/agri_further_info.htm • http://www.gisdevelopment.net/technology/gps/pdf/ma03194.pdf • http://cigr-ejournal.tamu.edu/%5CSubmissions%5CTakakura%2018Oct2002.pdf