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11-ICAL, Aussois, June 22-25, 2009

11-ICAL, Aussois, June 22-25, 2009. PAn morphology in phylogenetic perspective Laurent SAGART CNRS, Paris. Sagart, L. (2004) The higher phylogeny of Austronesian and the position of Tai-Kadai. Oceanic Linguistics 43,2 (2004): 411-444. updated in.

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11-ICAL, Aussois, June 22-25, 2009

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  1. 11-ICAL, Aussois, June 22-25, 2009 PAn morphology in phylogenetic perspective Laurent SAGART CNRS, Paris

  2. Sagart, L. (2004) The higher phylogeny of Austronesian and the position of Tai-Kadai.Oceanic Linguistics 43,2 (2004): 411-444.

  3. updated in Sagart, L. (2008) The expansion of setaria farmers in east asia: a linguistic and archaeological model. In Sanchez-Mazas A, Blench R, Ross M, Peiros I, Lin M, eds. Past human migrations in East Asia: matching archaeology, linguistics and genetics, 133-157. Routledge Studies in the Early History of Asia, London: Routledge.

  4. Higher An phylogeny based on numerals PAn

  5. PAN NE Formosan pitu '7' lima '5' enem '6' puluq '10' walu '8', Siwa '9' Malayo-Polynesian, Tai-Kadai Pathway of An settlement of Taiwan PMP

  6. This paper Three morphological innovations

  7. I. Replacement of 3rd person pronouns Ross (2006) Two reconstructible sets:

  8. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *Cia nominative plural *Cia genitive singular *ni-Cia genitive plural *ni-a-Cia

  9. The *sia set(Atayal, MP) nominative singular *sia nominative plural *sia genitive singular *nia genitive plural *nia

  10. The *Cia set is analytical, unbalanced The *sia set is synthetic, balanced signs that phonological reduction and analogy have played a role

  11. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *Cia nominative plural *Cia genitive singular *ni-Cia genitive plural *ni-a-Cia

  12. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *Cia nominative plural *Cia genitive singular *nCia genitive plural *ni-a-Cia

  13. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *Cia nominative plural *Cia genitive singular *nsia genitive plural *ni-a-Cia

  14. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *sia nominative plural *sia genitive singular *nsia genitive plural *ni-a-Cia

  15. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *sia nominative plural *sia genitive singular *nsia genitive plural *nsia

  16. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *sia nominative plural *sia genitive singular *nia genitive plural *nia

  17. This sequence of changes completed after divergence of Saisiat and Pazeh

  18. II. Loss of *-en in PF /perfective Patient focus perfective verbs: Paz, Sai, Thao, Sir: <in>V-en Elsewhere: <in>V Which is PAn ?

  19. Loss of *-en motivation is simplification Perf PF verbs common in discourse decrease marking of common forms without loss of a distinction: no verbs marked simply with <in>

  20. motivation for gain of *–en ?

  21. Prohibition of *-en in PF - PERF verbs • fixed after the divergence of Pazeh, Saisiat, Thao and Siraya

  22. III. extension of ki- prefixation to verb roots Teng, S. and E. Zeitoun (ms c. 2005) The passive ki- in Rukai, Paiwan and Puyuma: borrowing, shared innovation or parallel development?

  23. ki- + noun > ‘get N’, ‘collect N’ Saisiat kaehoey ‘tree, wood, brushwood’ vs. ki-kaehoey ‘gather brushwood’, Kanakanavu tamemi ‘sweet potato’ vs. ki-tamemi ‘gather sweet potatoes’, Puyuma daqiŋ'a share' vs. ki-daqiŋ'claim one's share'

  24. ki + verb > get ‘V-ed’ Nanwang Puyuma bekas ‘to interrogate’ vs. ki-bekas ‘to get interrogated’ Tona Rukai avase ‘to rob’ vs. ki-avase ‘to get robbed’ Paiwan seqas ‘to cut’ vs. ki-seqas ‘cut oneself’ Rukai, Bunun, Kavalan, Paiwan, Puyuma, Amis, MP

  25. parallel of English ‘get’ • originally from Old Norse getan ‘to obtain, reach’ • transitive verb taking nominals as its objects. • development of ‘get V-ed’ is mid-17th c. (OED).

  26. Three morphological innovations

  27. This tree • not fully compatible with numerals-based tree: • need to allow prohibition of *-en to happen twice (Atayalic, Enemish) • but tells a very similar story: • homeland in NW Formosa • settlement of west coast precedes settlement of south and east coast • MP subgroups with SE coast.

  28. Converging evidence for this scenario • archaeology: west coast neolithic older than east coast neolithic • Gray’s computational method (when Chinese is the sole outgroup) • population genetics...?

  29. Thank you for your attention

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