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B-RNAV OPERATIONS IN EUROPEAN AIRSPACE. AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV). A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path. NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE ACCURACY.
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AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) • A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path.
NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE ACCURACY • Total navigation accuracy based on the combination of the navigation sensor error, airborne receiver error, display error and flight technical error. Also called system use accuracy.
REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE (RNP) • A statement of the navigation performance accuracy necessary for operation within a defined airspace.
RNP CONCEPT • RNP concept applies to navigation performance within an airspace and therefore affects both the airspace and the aircraft. • RNP is intended to characterize an airspace through a statement of the achieved navigation performance accuracy to be achieved within the airspace. Contd..
..RNP CONCEPT • The development of the RNP concept recognizes that the current aircraft navigation systems are capable of achieving a predictable level of navigation performance accuracy and that a more efficient use of available airspace can be realised on the basis of this navigation capability.
DEFINING RNP AIRSPACE • RNP may be specified for a route, a number of routes, an area, volume of airspace or any airspace of defined dimensions which an airspace planner or authority chooses.
Some potential applications of RNP include.. • A defined airspace, such as MNPS airspace; • A fixed ATS route, such as between Sydney, Australia and Auckland, New Zealand; • Random track operations, such as between Hawaii and Japan; and • A volume of airspace, such as a block altitude on a specified route.
RNP ROUTES • Fixed RNP Route - Permanent, published ATS routes. • Contingency RNP Routes - published ATS routes during limited time periods (Hours, Days, Seasons). They may also be established to meet unusual, temporary requirements arising at short notice.
CONTAINMENT VALUE • The containment value is the distance from the intended position within which flights would be found for at least 95% of the total flying time.
RNP TYPE • The RNP type is based on a navigation performance accuracy value which is expected to be achieved at least 95% of the time by the population of aircraft operating within the airspace.
RNP TYPES • Accuracy - 95% position accuracy in the designated airspace. • RNP1 + 1.0 NM (+ 1.85 km) • RNP 4 + 4.0 NM (+ 7.4 km) • RNP 12.6 + 12.6 NM (+ 23.3 km) • RNP 20 + 20.0 NM (+ 37 km)
RNP COORDINATE SYSTEM • ICAO has chosen World Geodetic System (WGS)-84 as the common world geodetic datum as there is a need to : • convert coordinates of airport key positions and ground-based navigation aids to a common geodetic reference datum; • ensure that all such locations are surveyed to a common standard which provides optimum accuracy, such as that obtained by GNSS surveying techniques; and • ensure that all FMS software is referenced to a common geodetic datum.
BASIC RNAV + 5 NM ( + 9.26 km ) (95% CONTAINMENT VALUE) B-RNAV Operations commenced in European airspace on the 23rd of April, 1998.
EUROCONTROL STANDARD • The carriage of B-RNAV equipment approved for RNP5 operations is mandatory on the entire ATS route network in the ECAC area including designated feeder routes (SIDs & STARs) in / out of notified TMAs. • RNP5 (B-RNAV) - effective 23rd April, 1998. • RNP1 (Precision R-NAV) - to be implemented in 2005.
B-RNAV APPROVAL • Airworthiness approval. • Boeing 747-200/300/400 • Airbus 310-300, 330, 340 • Operational approval.
AIRBORNE NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT • They encompass.. • Systems which use external navigation aids such as VOR / DME, DME / DME, GNSS, very low frequency (VLF), LORAN-C; and • systems which are self-contained, e.g. INS, or inertial reference systems.
Required Functions of B-RNAV Navigation Equipment • Continuous indication of aircraft position relative to track displayed on a navigation display to both the pilot flying and the pilot not flying. • Display of distance and bearing to the next active (TO) waypoint. • Display of ground speed or time to the next active (TO) waypoint. • Storage of waypoints; minimum of 4. • Appropriate failure annunciation of the RNAV system, including sensors.
Recommended Functions of B-RNAV Navigation Equipment • Autopilot and / or Flight Director coupling. • Present position in terms of latitude and longitude. • “Direct To” function. • Indication of navigation accuracy (e.g. quality factor ). • Automatic channel selection of radio navigation aids. • Navigation data base. • Automatic leg sequencing and associated turn anticipation.
FLIGHT CREW CONTINGENCY PROCEDURES • In case of contingencies, (equipment failures, weather conditions) crew should notify ATC about the ability to maintain navigation accuracy, state its intentions, co-ordinate a plan of action and obtain a revised ATC clearance. • If unable to notify ATC, crew should follow established contingency procedures and obtain ATC clearance as soon as possible.