Revolutions 5/2/11 mrmilewski

1. Revolutions 5/2/11http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Examine “Making Waves”. • I. Administrative Stuff -Attendance • II. The Day the Universe Changed -questions on episode#9 “Making Waves” • III. Homework due Tomorrow! -Chapter#17 Review • IV. Homework due Friday 5/6/11 -Chapter#18 Sections 1,2,&3 • NOTICE: Chapter#17 Test Tomorrow!

2. Revolutions 5/3/11http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Examine Philosophy in the Age of Reason. • I. Journal#18 pt.A -Read Chapter outline p.454 -What was the enlightenment? • II. Journal#18 pt.B -notes on the Enlightenment • III. Homework due Friday 5/6/11 1.) Read Chapter#18 section#1 p.456-460 -Answer questions (1-7)* p.460 2.) Read Chapter#18 section#2 p. 461-465 -Answer questions (1-8)* p.465 3.) Read Chapter#18 section#3 p.466-469 -Answer questions (1-6)* p.469 *Pick 4 questions of your choice

3. The Enlightenment • A movement to shine the light of reason on traditional ideas about government and society. • Thinkers fought against superstition, ignorance, intolerance, and tyranny. • They promoted goals of social well-being, social justice, and worldly happiness. • They rejected divine-right to rule, social hierarchy, and a better life in heaven. http://www.cccs.uq.edu.au/events/libertine/Images/Wilkeslge72dpi-jpeg.jpg

4. How it started. • It grew out of the Scientific Revolution. • As human knowledge about the world grew, so did the belief that nothing was out of reach of the human mind. • Using the scientific method, reformers set out to combat the problems of society. http://home.nc.rr.com/donaldwood/Newton.gif

5. Hobbes & Locke • In the 1600s, English thinkers Thomas Hobbes & John Locke lived through the English Civil War and concluded different things. • Hobbes said people were “naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish.” • If people were not controlled they would, “fight, rob, & oppress one another.” • Life in the state of nature would be brutish & short. http://www.ps.ritsumei.ac.jp/shige2/index/img/hobbes.jpg

6. Social Contract • Hobbes said in order to escape horrific life in the state of nature, humans enter into a social contract. • Social contract – an agreement by which people give up the state of nature for an organized society. • He believed that ONLY a strong gov’t could ensure an orderly society. • He supported the belief in absolute monarchy. http://www.scielosp.org/img/revistas/bwho/v84n11/a21capa.jpg

7. Natural Rights • John Locke was more optimistic about humans. • He believed that people were “basically reasonable & moral.” • He believed that people had natural rights, “life, liberty, & property.” • He argued that people had formed governments to protect their natural rights & that the best gov’t was limited in power and accepted by all. • He said that if a gov’t fails to protect people’s natural rights, the people had the right & the duty to over throw that gov’t. http://history2.professorpage.info/John%20Locke%20and%20Thomas%20Hobbes_files/image003.jpg

8. Montesquieu • Baron de Montesquieu, a French guy, studied the governments of Europe. • He concluded that the powers of government should be divided into 3 separate & equal branches. • In 1748, he published The Spirit of the Laws in which he said: “The best way to protect liberty is to separate power.” http://www.geocities.com/rationalargumentator/Montesquieu.jpg

9. Voltaire • Freedom of Speech – “I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend your right to say it until my death.” http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Voltaire.jpg

10. Rousseau • 1762, The Social Contract. • He believed that people were basically good, but are corrupted by society. • In the perfect world people would make the laws & would also follow them. • The general will will be directed towards the common good of the people. • He put the good of society first and the individual second. http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/image/Rousseau.gif

11. Revolutions 5/4/11http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate Mastery of Chapter#17. • I. Chapter#17 Test • II. Homework due Friday 5/6/11 1.) Read Chapter#18 section#1 p.456-460 -Answer questions (1-7)* p.460 2.) Read Chapter#18 section#2 p. 461-465 -Answer questions (1-8)* p.465 3.) Read Chapter#18 section#3 p.466-469 -Answer questions (1-6)* p.469 *Pick 4 questions of your choice

12. Revolutions 5/5/11 http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Examine the concepts related to taxes. • I. Chapter#18 Guided Readings Complete the following activities due today! -Chapter#18 section#1 Guided Reading -Chapter#18 section#2 Guided Reading -Chapter#18 section#3 Guided Reading -Chapter#18 section#4 Guided Reading • II. Chapter#18 Homework -Complete homework for Chapter#18 • III. Homework due Thursday 5/12/11 1.) Read Chapter#18 section#4 p.470-473 -Answer questions (1-6)* p.473 2.) Chapter#18 Review *Pick 4 questions of your choice • NOTICE: Chapter#18 Test Thursday!

13. Revolutions 5/6/11http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Examine how European rulers reacted to the ideas of the Enlightenment. • I. Journal#19 pt.A -Examine the picture on p.461 -Answer the caption question on p.461 • II. Journal#19 pt.B -notes on the salon & Britain in the 1700s • III. Homework Due Wednesday 5/11/11 1.) Read Chapter#18 section#4 p.470-473 -Answer questions (1-7)* p.473 2.) Chapter#18 Review *Pick 4 questions of your choice • NOTICE: Chapter#18 Test Wednesday!

14. Adam Smith • He is the father of Modern Economics • He wrote the Wealth of Nations in 1776 • In it he said that governments need to stay out of the economy as much as possible. laissez-faire

15. The Invisible Hand • People and business operate in their own self-interest. • Competition acts like an invisible hand which will allocate resources to ONLY their most productive uses.

16. Salons • Salons – informal social gatherings where writers, artists, philosophers, and others exchanged ideas. • In the 1700s middle class women started holding salons in their homes were the middle class could mingle with the nobility and discuss ideas. http://www.burgmueller.com/SalonsPleyel.JPG

17. Enlightened Despots • Frederick the Great • Catherine the Great • Joseph II

18. The Limeys • The British believed in mercantilism • Mercantilism – a policy by which nations sought to export more than it imported to increase their supply of gold & silver. • At the same time the British out paced the Spanish in wealth & empire and the Dutch in terms of trading power they built a constitutional monarchy. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lorrain.seaport.jpg/300px-Lorrain.seaport.jpg

19. The United Kingdom • The 1707 Act of Union between England and Scotland saw the nations' individual Parliaments replaced by the new Parliament of Great Britain. • After the 1800 Act of Union with Ireland, the Dublin Parliament was abolished and Irish MPs and Lords were represented in the Westminster Parliament.

20. Whigs & Tories • The growth of political parties occurred in the late 1600s. • Tories – conservative – landed aristocrats who sought to preserve older traditions & supported royal authority & the Anglican Church. • Whigs – liberals – they supported urban business interests, religious toleration for protestants, and supported Parliament over the crown. • The Whigs controlled Parliament for most of the 1700s. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRtooke1.JPG

21. Cabinet System • In 1714, the new King of England wasn’t English, but German. • To help King George I, who spoke no English, he relied on the leaders of Parliament to help him run the country. • His son, who was also German born also used this system, King George II. • This cabinet system gained official status. • The head of the Cabinet is the Prime Minister. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/a/a4/262px-KING_GEORGE_II.jpg

22. Parliamentary System http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/house/guide/images/system-e.jpg

23. Parliamentary System • By the 14th century two distinct Houses, the Commons and the Lords, had developed. • The Commons involved representatives from counties, towns and cities, • The Lords consisted of members of the nobility and clergy.

24. King George III • In 1760, King George III begins his 60 year reign. • He was born in England, unlike dad and grandpa. • He spoke English & loved Britain. • He was eager to recover powers lost by the crown and end Whig domination, chose his own ministers, and dissolve the cabinet system. • Cabinet rule was restored in 1788 following the loss of the American colonies. http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=82425&rendTypeId=4