Revolutions 1/28/13 mrmilewski

1. Revolutions 1/28/13http://mrmilewski.com • NO SCHOOL: Snow Day! 

2. Revolutions 1/29/13http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Examine “Fit to Rule”. • I. Administrative Stuff -Attendance • II. The Day the Universe Changed -questions on episode#8 “Fit to Rule” • III. Homework due Friday 2/1/13 1.) Read Chapter#18 section#1 p.456-460 -Answer questions (1-7)* p.460 2.) Read Chapter#18 section#2 p. 461-465 -Answer questions (1-8)* p.465 3.) Read Chapter#18 section#3 p.466-469 -Answer questions (1-6)* p.469 *Pick 4 questions of your choice

3. Revolutions 1/30/13http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Examine Philosophy in the Age of Reason. • I. Journal#17 pt.A -Read Chapter out line p.454 -What was the enlightenment? • II. Return of Chapter#17 Test • III. Journal#17 pt.B -notes on the Enlightenment • IV. Homework due Friday 2/1/13 1.) Read Chapter#18 section#1 p.456-460 -Answer questions (1-7)* p.460 2.) Read Chapter#18 section#2 p. 461-465 -Answer questions (1-8)* p.465 3.) Read Chapter#18 section#3 p.466-469 -Answer questions (1-6)* p.469 *Pick 4 questions of your choice

4. The Enlightenment • A movement to shine the light of reason on traditional ideas about government and society. • Thinkers fought against superstition, ignorance, intolerance, and tyranny. • They promoted goals of social well-being, social justice, and worldly happiness. • They rejected divine-right to rule, social hierarchy, and a better life in heaven. http://www.cccs.uq.edu.au/events/libertine/Images/Wilkeslge72dpi-jpeg.jpg

5. How it started. • It grew out of the Scientific Revolution. • As human knowledge about the world grew, so did the belief that nothing was out of reach of the human mind. • Using the scientific method, reformers set out to combat the problems of society. http://home.nc.rr.com/donaldwood/Newton.gif

6. Hobbes & Locke • In the 1600s, English thinkers Thomas Hobbes & John Locke lived through the English Civil War and concluded different things. • Hobbes said people were “naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish.” • If people were not controlled they would, “fight, rob, & oppress one another.” • Life in the state of nature would be brutish & short. http://www.ps.ritsumei.ac.jp/shige2/index/img/hobbes.jpg

7. Social Contract • Hobbes said in order to escape horrific life in the state of nature, humans enter into a social contract. • Social contract – an agreement by which people give up the state of nature for an organized society. • He believed that ONLY a strong gov’t could ensure an orderly society. • He supported the belief in absolute monarchy. http://www.scielosp.org/img/revistas/bwho/v84n11/a21capa.jpg

8. Natural Rights • John Locke was more optimistic about humans. • He believed that people were “basically reasonable & moral.” • He believed that people had natural rights, “life, liberty, & property.” • He argued that people had formed governments to protect their natural rights & that the best gov’t was limited in power and accepted by all. • He said that if a gov’t fails to protect people’s natural rights, the people had the right & the duty to over throw that gov’t. http://history2.professorpage.info/John%20Locke%20and%20Thomas%20Hobbes_files/image003.jpg

9. Montesquieu • Baron de Montesquieu, a French guy, studied the governments of Europe. • He concluded that the powers of government should be divided into 3 separate & equal branches. • In 1748, he published The Spirit of the Laws in which he said: “The best way to protect liberty is to separate power.” http://www.geocities.com/rationalargumentator/Montesquieu.jpg

10. Voltaire • Freedom of Speech – “I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend your right to say it until my death.” http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Voltaire.jpg

11. Rousseau • 1762, The Social Contract. • He believed that people were basically good, but are corrupted by society. • In the perfect world people would make the laws & would also follow them. • The general will will be directed towards the common good of the people. • He put the good of society first and the individual second. http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/image/Rousseau.gif

12. Revolutions 1/31/13http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Examine how European rulers reacted to the ideas of the Enlightenment. • I. Journal#18 pt.A -Examine the picture on p.461 -Answer the caption question on p.461 • II. Journal#18 pt.B -notes on the salon & Britain in the 1700s • III. Homework due Friday 2/1/13 1.) Read Chapter#18 section#1 p.456-460 -Answer questions (1-7)* p.460 2.) Read Chapter#18 section#2 p. 461-465 -Answer questions (1-8)* p.465 3.) Read Chapter#18 section#3 p.466-469 -Answer questions (1-6)* p.469 *Pick 4 questions of your choice

13. Adam Smith • He is the father of Modern Economics • He wrote the Wealth of Nations in 1776 • In it he said that governments need to stay out of the economy as much as possible. laissez-faire

14. The Invisible Hand • People and business operate in their own self-interest. • Competition acts like an invisible hand which will allocate resources to ONLY their most productive uses.

15. Salons • Salons – informal social gatherings where writers, artists, philosophers, and others exchanged ideas. • In the 1700s middle class women started holding salons in there homes were the middle class could mingle with the nobility and discuss ideas. http://www.burgmueller.com/SalonsPleyel.JPG

16. Enlightened Despots • Frederick the Great • Catherine the Great • Joseph II

17. The Limeys • The British believed in mercantilism • Mercantilism – a policy by which nations sought to export more than it imported to increase their supply of gold & silver. • At the same time the British out paced the Spanish in wealth & empire and the Dutch in terms of trading power they built a constitutional monarchy. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lorrain.seaport.jpg/300px-Lorrain.seaport.jpg

18. The United Kingdom • The 1707 Act of Union between England and Scotland saw the nations' individual Parliaments replaced by the new Parliament of Great Britain. • After the 1800 Act of Union with Ireland, the Dublin Parliament was abolished and Irish MPs and Lords were represented in the Westminster Parliament.

19. Whigs & Tories • The growth of political parties occurred in the late 1600s. • Tories – conservative – landed aristocrats who sought to preserve older traditions & supported royal authority & the Anglican Church. • Whigs – liberals – they supported urban business interests, religious toleration for protestants, and supported Parliament over the crown. • The Whigs controlled Parliament for most of the 1700s. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRtooke1.JPG

20. Cabinet System • In 1714, the new King of England wasn’t English, but German. • To help King George I, who spoke no English, he relied on the leaders of Parliament to help him run the country. • His son, who was also German born also used this system, King George II. • This cabinet system gained official status. • The head of the Cabinet is the Prime Minister. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/a/a4/262px-KING_GEORGE_II.jpg

21. Rick Mercer • How Canada Works

22. Parliamentary System http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/house/guide/images/system-e.jpg

23. Parliamentary System • By the 14th century two distinct Houses, the Commons and the Lords, had developed. • The Commons involved representatives from counties, towns and cities, • The Lords consisted of members of the nobility and clergy.

24. King George III • In 1760, King George III begins his 60 year reign. • He was born in England, unlike dad and grandpa. • He spoke English & loved Britain. • He was eager to recover powers lost by the crown and end Whig domination, chose his own ministers, and dissolve the cabinet system. • Cabinet rule was restored in 1788 following the loss of the American colonies. http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=82425&rendTypeId=4

25. Revolutions 2/1/13http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Examine the American Revolution. • I. Journal#19 pt.A -Examine the map on p.472 -Answer the map questions on p.472 • II. Journal#19 pt.B -notes on the Birth of the United States • III. Homework Friday February 8th 1.) Read Chapter#18 section#4 p.470-473 -Answer questions (1-6)* p.473 2.) Chapter#18 Review *Pick 4 questions of your choice • NOTICE: Chapter#18 Test Friday Feb 8th

26. The Seven Years War • After the French & Indian War the colonists were taxed by Parliament for the cost of the war. • The colonists were unhappy with this. • Laws passed long before were enforced & new tax laws were passed. http://www.hist-sdc.com/fiw/images/cover.jpg

27. Boston Massacre • In 1770, British soldiers in Boston open fired on a crowd throwing rocks & snowballs at them. • In 1773, some colonists dressed up like Indians and threw tea in Boston Harbor. • Parliament passed harsh laws to punish Massachusetts. • The other 12 colonies took the side of those in Massachusetts. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/0/09/350px-Boston_Massacre.jpg

28. War Begins • In 1775, the shot heard round the world was the start of the revolution. • On July 4, 1776, Congress sent a letter to King George III that basically said forget you we are independent. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lexington_Minute_Man_relief_(Basha_Paeff)_-_Lexington,_MA.JPG/800px-Lexington_Minute_Man_relief_(Basha_Paeff)_-_Lexington,_MA.JPG

29. Battle of Saratoga • The turning point in the war was when the American forces defeated the British at the Battle of Saratoga. • This victory convinced the French to join the war on the side of the colonists. http://artfiles.art.com/images/-/Fauvel/The-Surrender-of-General-John-Burgoyne-at-the-Battle-of-Saratoga-7th-October-1777-Giclee-Print-C12637774.jpeg

30. Treaty of Paris • In 1781, with the help of the French (yes, the French were a world power at one point), Washington forced the surrender of the British at Yorktown. • Two years later, American, French, and British signed the Treaty of Paris that officially ended the war. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg

31. Articles of Confederation • The national document set up to run the country was too weak to govern the nation effectively. • In 1787, the nations leaders met in Philadelphia and wrote the Constitution. • This broad frame work incorporated the enlightenment ideas and has allowed for flexibility for the last 200 years. http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/constitution-day/images/constitution-01.gif

32. The Constitution • It was the most liberal form of government when it became law in 1789. • An elected representative body consisting of two houses was created to make laws. • An executive was created that was elected as opposed to being heredity. • These two parts, plus the judicial branch were derived from Montesquieu. • The federal republic was supreme to the state governments. • Later the first ten amendments were added, also known as the Bill of Rights it guaranteed citizens basic rights (Free speech, free press, trial by jury, and private property).