THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

1. Catalysts for Creation THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS • WWI and the Alliance System • Wilson’s Idealism • Modern Economy

2. Goals of L.O.N. • Peace keeping • Encourage contact among nations • Settle nationalist issues • Humanitarian efforts

3. Doomed to fail? • Unequal Playing field • Lack of military force • Britain and France • US did not join

4. Immediate EFFECTS OF WWI • 10 million soldiers killed • RUS – 2 mil • GER – 1.3 mil • FRA – 1.3 mil • GB – 900,000 • US: 115,000 • 4 million civilians killed • 350 billion dollars

5. Soviet Union 3. What issues/conflicts are likely to emerge as a result of the new map created in 1919? 2. In what region of Europe did most of the changes take place?

6. Long Term Effects 1. Destruction of Eastern & Central European Empires 2. Communism in Russia

7. Long Term Effects • --Economic instability: 3. Weakening of Europe Economic power moves to US & Japan • --Unresolved nationalistic issues • --Dissent in the colonies: Forced to make concessions to non-European areas

8. Long Term Effects 4. Social & Political Transformations Women Monarchies

9. The World By the 1920’s • W. Eur. = Incomplete recovery • Negative pol. & econ. patterns arose: Fascism in Italy; crippling tariffs • W. Europe’s world econ. dominance fell behind U.S. & Japan 3 Major Patterns

10. The World By the 1920’s • 2. U.S. & Japan = New giants in indust. prod. 3 Major Patterns

11. The World By the 1920’s • 3. Consequential Revolutions in: • Mexico • Russia • China 3 Major Patterns

12. The World By the 1920’s • *Brief period of stability and optimism • Germany’s new dem. gov’t promised friendship & coop. • Kellogg-Briand Act = outlawed war • General econ. prosperity The Roaring Twenties

13. The World By the 1920’s • *Brief period of stability and optimism • Intro. of new consumer items: radios & autos • Cultural burst in arts, film, lit. • Women achieve voting rights & social freedoms in West. The Roaring Twenties – cont’d

14. THE GREAT GLOBAL DEPRESSION – 1930s

15. Causes • German reparations fueled Hyperinflation

16. Causes 2. Overproduction: supply > demand

17. Causes 3. Excessive expansion of credit

18. Causes 4. Tariffs = poor domestic economy

19. Causes 5. Stock market crash & panic

20. Impact Western democracies & Japan • Who was impacted the most? • High unemployment in indust. countries • Value of exports drop • Bank failures; collapse of credit • Extreme political reactions/massive rearmament

21. GERMANY ITALY JAPAN Failure of a return to Pre- War Government Failure of Democracy (Weimar Republic) Failure of a Civilian government Rise of Nazism Rise of Fascism MILITARISM & EXPANSION

22. Impact • Who was not impacted? USSR • Isolated Communist regime • Stalin’s 5 year plan Depression clip

23. Fascism vs. Nazism Summary1.Fascism is a term that was originally referred to the fascists of Italy under Mussolini. Nazism on the other hand, though a form of Fascism, referred to as National Socialism, is in an ideological concept of the Nazi Party. (National Socialist German Workers’ Party of Adolf Hitler) 2.For Fascists, the state was the most important element. But Nazism emphasized on racism. 3.While fascism considered state as important, Nazism considered ‘Aryanism’ as more important.

24. Hitler's Germany became known as a fascist state. “Fascist” was originally used to describe the government of Benito Mussolini in Italy. Mussolini's fascist one-party state emphasized patriotism, national unity, hatred of communism, admiration of military values and unquestioning obedience. Hitler was deeply influenced by Mussolini's Italy and his Germany shared many of the same characteristics. • The German economic system remained capitalistic but the state played a more prominent role in managing the economy. Industrialists were sometimes told what to produce and what price they should charge for the goods that they made. The government also had the power to order workers to move to where they were required.