CHINA

1. CHINA

2. Breakdown of Religion • Buddhism • Han Buddhism • Southern Buddhism • Tibetan Buddhism • Confucianism • Confucius Temples -Confucius Temple in Qufu -Confucius Temple in Beijing -Confucius Temple in Nanjing • Taoism

3. Buddhism • A visible human being is considered far more reliable than invisible gods or spirits. • Buddhism during the Han Dynasty was regarded as having its basis in magic. • Southern Buddhism, has flexible doctrines. (Monks can eat meat and can secularize). • Tibetan Buddhism, also called 'Lamaism', started in the middle of 7th century.

4. Confucianism • Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. • Confucius (creator) • the greatest influence over the Chinese character. • great educationist, thinker and unsuccessful politician • noble morality.

5. Taoism • Tao refers to the road extending in one direction. • One half is in white representing Yang (the bright side), while the other is in black, representing Yin (the dark side). • There is a black dot in the white part, while a white dot is in the black part representing the Yin and Yang of each other and can transform into the counterpart. • The diagram looks like two fish end to end, so it is also called the Diagram of Yin Yang Fish. Source http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/religion/

6. Stereotypes 1. Asians are good at math. 2. Asians are overachievers. 3. Asians are quiet and hardworking. 4. Asians are gangsters, martial artists, laundry workers, and prostitutes. 5. Asian males have bowl cut haircuts. 6. Asian females haircuts focus on bangs. 7. Asians all have heavy accents. 8. Asian women are good romantic partners for white men. 9. Asian men are bad romantic partners. 10. Asian females are "exotic", and eager to please. 11. Asian is synonymous with Chinese. 12. Asians are traditional and unable to assimilate. 13. Asians all look the same. 14. Asians have small and slanted eyes. 15. Asians are athletically inferior. Sourcehttp://www.squidoo.com/asianstereotypes

7. NonverbalCommunication Chinese vs. American

8. Facial expressions • Chinese expressions sometimes have opposite meanings that American might perceive.

9. Head and hand movements ■ Done less in Chinese culture than American culture Crossing your fingers American - luck Chinese - numerical value of ten. Point with only the forefinger Chinese – rude, when pointing, use of the entire hand is custom.

10. Physical Space, Touching and Tones of voice • Space : More is required in Chinese culture than in American culture • Touching : The Chinese are less comfortable with this than Americans are • Voice tone : Chinese speak louder than Americans on average

11. Gestures and body language • Bowing in China is similar to the American custom of shaking hands • Chinese may be uncomfortable with showing affection to new people.

12. Eye Contact • Americans respect this, while Chinese mainly avoid this and see it as a sign of disrespect • Chinese show respect by bowingand avoiding eye contact, especially with members in an organization with a higher position. Source http://www.rpi.edu/dept/advising/american_culture/social_skills/nonverbal_communication

13. Cultural Norms in China

14. Compare to western culture Chinese young people Western young people Think for themselves and make their own decisions • They will study only what their parents want them to study • They are also not permitted (by law) to marry until they are 22 and 20 years old respectively.

15. No right to… • No right to have more than one child in China, no matter what you ‘think’ are your ‘God given rights’. • No right to criticize the government • No one ever tells people exactly what they think.

16. Family norms • Family members do not lend money to each other, it is just given. • There is no need to say thank you to your parents for anything, for everything they do for you is their duty. • Washing, cooking and cleaning is woman’s work. • When people may unannounced visits to your house at meal times, you MUST feed them all

17. Other norms • If you refuse to drink alcohol, you dishonor the people • Smoking at the dinner table during dinner is usual • In a restaurant, the moment the last person takes their last mouthful of food, everyone jumps up and leaves.

18. Chinese thinks… • Chinese generally do not hate people based on race. • They merely insist that their Chinese culture is superior to foreign cultures. Source http://himanshusethia.instablogs.com/entry/cultural-norms-in-china/

19. High context cultures China

20. Common Characteristics • Knowledge is situational, relational • Less is verbally explicit or written or formally expressed • More internalized understandings of what is communicated • Often used in long term, well-established relationships • Decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face communication, often around a central, authoritative figure • Strong awareness of who is accepted/belongs vs. "outsiders"

21. China is high context culture • More common in the eastern countries with low racial diversity. • The group is valued over the individual promote group reliance. • A strong sense of tradition and history, and change little over time, such as tribal and native societies.

22. What is different? • When individuals from high-context and low-context cultures collaborate, there are often difficulties that occur during the exchange of information. • These problems can be separated into differences concerning "direction", "quantity" and "quality."

23. Association • Relationships depend on trust, build up slowly, and are stable. • How things get done depends on relationships with people and attention to group process. • One's identity is rooted in groups (family, culture, work).

24. Interaction • High use of nonverbal elements • Verbal message is indirect • Communication is seen as an art form-a way of engaging someone. • Disagreement is personalized. Conflict either must be solved before work can progress or must be avoided.

25. Learning • Multiple sources of information are used. • Learning occurs by first observing others and then practicing. • Groups are preferred for learning and problem solving. • Accuracy is valued. How well something is learned is important. Source http://hubpages.com/hub/High-Context-vs-Low-Context-Communication

26. Asian Culture In China • Asian families have a strong bond which provides for growth within the family. Asian families sometimes run their own business. • They expect them to have high grades in school and they reward them for the good grades that they get. Asian families have a deep sense of family and respect the generations that live in the same area. The result of that is a well rounded child with a bright future. • The asian culture installs faith in the family. The most common religion is catholicism. 61% of Asian teenagers live in Asia. 67% of young Asians have downloaded music, however only 27% of them have paid for it. The youth in Hong Kong spend the most time online per day (4.7 hours). In Asia, Taiwan has the highest birthrate. http://www.asianamericanalliance.com/Culture.html http://www.funkykaraoke.com/2007/08/funky-facts-about-asian-teens-in-159-seconds.html

27. Communication in China • Beginning in the 21st century, many more people outside China began learning the language. • Americans whose grandparents immigrated to the United States from China might not speak Chinese at all or they may be learning it as a second language. • While the Chinese's exposure to English has been greater than the exposure of westerners to Chinese, the ability of most Chinese people in China to the English language is most of the time hampered by direct exposure. Textbooks may be outdated and the pronunciation on language tapes may be heavily regional. • Pervasive problems include an emphasis on the use of idioms at the expense of clear, common language and the “whatever you like” approach to grammar, usage,and spelling. Cultural context can be obscured and word choice may be right but inappropriate.

28. More on Communication • In American English, the phrase “You’d better…” most of the time is considered a challenge or a threat. “You’d better do what I say or you will suffer the consequences.” is a phrase children often hear from their parents. It’s implied as an order. It provokes an negative response and could cause an American to prepare for a fight. The idea that “who are you to tell me I’d better do anything” usually pops up in in most peoples minds. Changing the language to the polite form “it would be better if you would…” reduces the negative response and the person is more likely to cooperate. • In China, the Chinese phrase “你好做…” or “好是你…” is very considerate. It shows caring for the other person’s well-being. The main idea is that whatever is being suggested will be helpful to the person. “今天下雨了。好是你带伞子。”can be translated as “It’s raining today. You’d better take an umbrella.” The implication is that the speaker is genuinely concerned and they are advising him or her to be prepared. Unfortunately, the result of this word choice in English means that something bad will happen if the person doesn't take an umbrella. The courtesy intended is rendered as a threat.

29. An example of a cross-cultural language mistake is in a scene from the movie Rush Hour (1998). Chris Tucker and Jackie Chan enter a pool hall and Tucker greets the manager using culturally-permitted language among only African-Americans. Chan respondes by using the same language, expecting to be equally well-received. He was surprised when his response is taken as an insult because Chan is not African-American and the language used is not culturally acceptable when used by a member of a different ethnic group.This article from the following website:http://www.chinasuccessstories.com/2009/05/28/language-communication-differences/

30. Video Notes I watched a video that was called Travel Guide DVD: destination China:1/5th of the world's population live in China. People that live on the banks of the Yangzi River rely on the river for survival. Yangshuo is a place to go shopping. You can rent a bike for a day for only 5 yuans. It is from the top of Moon hill that you get the beautiful view of China. In Yangshuo, China most people can speak English. Chinese people have a counting system that they do with their fingers that is different from Americans. In china it is said that eating dog makes the blood run faster. In Southwest China, motor bike taxies are the most expensive local transport. Information about the movie:produced by Escapi Media BV. Program content= Pilot Film and TV Productions Ltd. Film from 2005.

31. Book on China • In traditional marriages the women marry into a family. When women marry their links with their own families are broken. They can only be restored if she were repudiated by her husband. China's first major religion was Buddhism and it came from India. The Chinese were said to be heavy drinkers during early history. Today in China people often drink alcohol only with their meals. Acupuncture is a therapeutic technique where someone inserts a fine needle at different places through out your body because they believe that it effects the balance of systems of energy. • In the book titled The Heart of The Dragon By Alasdair Clayre.

32. Hofstede's chart • According to Hofstede's chart on the countries that illustrate five categories of cultural values China is a country that has high cultural value on orientation to time. The deffinition of orientation to time is societies with higher scores have a longer-term orientation to time; they tend to value perseverance and thrift. Societies with lower scores have a shorter-term orientation to time; they value the past and present, respect for tradition, saving "face", and spending rather than saving. This is from our communication book.