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Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Commodity Thermoplastics Materials, properties and applications.

Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Commodity Thermoplastics Materials, properties and applications. Prepared by the IAPD Education Committee (Module 3) Presented courtesy of Modern Plastics, Inc. Amorphous Commodity Thermoplastics Key Characteristics. Low cost Low temperature resistance

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Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Commodity Thermoplastics Materials, properties and applications.

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  1. Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Commodity Thermoplastics Materials, properties and applications. Prepared by the IAPD Education Committee (Module 3) Presented courtesy of Modern Plastics, Inc. The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  2. The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  3. Amorphous Commodity ThermoplasticsKey Characteristics • Low cost • Low temperature resistance • Low strength • Good dimensional stability • Bonds well • Typically transparent The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  4. Amorphous Commodity ThermoplasticsMaterials • Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) • Polystyrene (PS) • Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) • Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) • Cellulous acetate butyrate (CAB) The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  5. Acrylic (PMMA) Strengths • Availability of all ranges of optical transparency, including opacity • Rigidity • Surface hardness • Half the weight of glass • Heat resistance The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  6. Acrylic (PMMA) Limitations • Grain effect • Discolor with high UV exposure • Attacked by organic solvents • Limited chemical resistance • Poor wear and abrasion resistance • Low impact strength The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  7. Acrylic (PMMA) Applications • Protective glazing • Windows • Toys • Point of purchase (POP) displays The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  8. Polystyrene (PS) Strengths • Inexpensive • Easy to bond • Quick to bond • Easy to decorate The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  9. Polystyrene (PS) Limitations • Low impact resistance • Brittle after UV exposure • Cannot be used at elevated temperatures • Mechanical stress The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  10. Polystyrene (PS) Applications • Refrigeration • Disposable beverage glasses • Medical devices • Disposable laboratory products • Wood replacement products The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  11. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)Strengths • Good impact resistance • Easily formable • Many different formulations The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  12. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)Limitations • Grain effect • Will discolor with high UV exposure • Attacked by organic solvents • Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture) The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  13. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)Applications • Aircraft interiors • Computer housings • Cassette holders • Mass transit components • Wall coverings • Consumer electronics • Appliances • Automotive The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  14. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Strengths • Low cost • Good chemical resistance • Versatile • Naturally UV resistant • Good strength The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  15. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Limitations • Heat sensitive • Low impact strength • Poor wear resistance The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  16. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Applications • Pipe, valves and fittings • Thermoformed parts for transportation, exhibits and machinery parts • Point of purchase displays • Pollution control equipment parts • Packaging The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  17. Modified Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG)Strengths • Optical transparency • Good toughness • Easy to fabricate • Easy to form • Ability to be sterilized The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  18. Modified Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG)Limitations • Limited UV resistance • Cannot be used above 60°-66°C/140°-150°F range • Low softening point precludes sterilization The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  19. Modified Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG)Applications • Packaging • Graphic arts • Point of purchase (POP) displays The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  20. Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB)Strengths • Tough at low temperatures • Compounded easily for unique applications The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  21. Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB)Limitations • Not compatible with other materials • Not self-extinguishing The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  22. Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB)Applications • Cash register keys • Tool handles • Windshields • Thermoformed signs • Trim stripping • Window well covers The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  23. Semi-Crystalline Commodity PlasticsKey Characteristics • Low cost, strength and temperature resistance • Excellent chemical resistance • Low COF • Near zero moisture absorption • Very good electrical properties • Good toughness The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  24. Semi-Crystalline Commodity PlasticsMaterials • Polyethylene (PE) • High density polyethylene (HDPE) • Low density polyethylene (LDPE), (LLDPE) • Polypropylene (PP) • Polymethylpentene (PMP) The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  25. Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP) Polymethylpentene (PMP)Key Characteristics • Partially crystalline, partially amorphous • Largest family are the polyolefins • Cost, benefits and limitations are different for each The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  26. Polyethylenes (PE)Key Characteristics • Classified by density and molecular weight • Excellent chemical resistance • Zero moisture absorption • Light weight (1/8 weight of steel) • Excellent insulator • Low COF • High impact strength The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  27. Polyethylenes (PE)Applications • Packaging • Wire and cable • Industrial The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  28. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)Key Characteristics • Good chemical resistance • Very flexible • High impact strength • Low heat resistance (60-79°C/140-175°F) • Used extensively in packaging industry and for prosthetic devices The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  29. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)Key Characteristics • Higher rigidity and tensile strength than low and medium density polyethylenes • Good formability • Slightly lower impact strength than LDPE • Virgin grades are FDA and USDA approved The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  30. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)Applications • Films • Industrial trash bags • Liners • Shipping bags • Marine industry • Playgrounds • Bathrooms • Pipe • Automotive The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  31. Polypropylenes (PP)Key Characteristics • Excellent chemical resistance • Excellent fatigue strength — referred to as “living hinge” • Lower impact strength than polyethylenes • Available in homopolymer and co-polymer • Co-polymer offers better impact, clarity and cold temperature properties The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  32. Polypropylenes (PP)Applications • Packaging • Automotive • Consumer/durable goods • Vacuum formed parts • Fiber/carpet The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  33. Polymethylpentene (PMP)Key Characteristics • High transparency, even in thick sections • Very light weight (.83 specific gravity) • Higher heat resistance than other grades in this group—compares favorably to PTFE up to 148.89°C/300°F • Good electrical properties • Low-temperature impact strength • Very brittle • Poor UV resistance • USDA compliant The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  34. Polymethypentene (PMP)Applications • Medical products • Food processing equipment • Microwavable packaging The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

  35. The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3

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