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Age of Enlightenment in Europe

Age of Enlightenment in Europe. Chapter 22. Enlightenment Defined. A revolution in intellectual activity changing the European view of government & society Began in the 1600s. The Enlightenment in Europe. Influenced by Scientific Revolution

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Age of Enlightenment in Europe

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  1. Age of Enlightenment in Europe Chapter 22

  2. Enlightenment Defined • A revolution in intellectual activity changing the European view of government & society • Began in the 1600s

  3. The Enlightenment in Europe • Influenced by Scientific Revolution • Led to idea that… • Reason could apply to laws governing humanity… • In areas of religion, government, economy & education

  4. Conflicting Theories & England’s Political Turmoil • Thomas Hobbes theories favoring absolutism versus • John Locke protection of the natural rights (i.e.democratic freedoms)

  5. Thomas Hobbes: Absolutist • Citizens gave up natural rights to a strong ruler in exchange for law & order… • Ideas were published in Leviathan, 1651 XC TOPIC: Leviathan by 3/22

  6. Charles I ruled 1625-1649 • Lost the civil war with Parliament • Issue: Absolutism in Government XC:Bio sketch on Charles I by 3/22

  7. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) • Reacted to violence of civil war • Leviathan was too secular for the exiles who threatened to murder him

  8. Charles IIr. (1660-1685) • Protected Hobbes…but • Parliament censored his works & called him a heretic* XC: Charles II

  9. John Locke(1632-1704) • Citizens are reasonable beings with capacity to… • govern themselves • look after welfare of society • learn from experience

  10. John Locke • Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1697(artist) • Hermitage

  11. James II(r. 1685-1688) • Anti-Catholic Whig Party opposed his rule • Helped overthrow him in 1688 • Locke was a Whig

  12. Glorious Revolution, 1688 • James II overthrown • Constitutional monarchy in England • Rule of law applies to rulers • Barred Catholics from throne XC: Details of Glorious Rev by 3/23

  13. Two Treatises on Government, 1690 • Written in defense of the Glorious Revolution… • & to counter Hobbes • Citizens have right to overthrow unjust government XC Presentation by 3/24

  14. Joint Rulers: 1689 Whig Parliament appointed William III & Mary II (Protestants) They had to accept the Bill of Rights before the coronation

  15. Religion & Politics In Britain • Issues largely settled by end of 17th century • Parliament held real power after 1689 • Catholics had no rights until 1829 • Still barred from inheriting throne

  16. End of Part I

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