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Contrastive Phonology English-German

Contrastive Phonology English-German. Plosives. [p] p op, sto p [b] b ed, bom b [t] t ense, cu t [d] d isk, di d [k] c old, ki ck [g] g o, gi g [ ?] uh-oh. [ Q] bu tt er, be tt er. Fricatives. [ f ] f inger, tou gh [v] v ase, ha v e [ T ] th rough, too th [ D ] th at, tee th

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Contrastive Phonology English-German

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  1. Contrastive PhonologyEnglish-German

  2. Plosives [p] pop, stop [b] bed, bomb [t] tense, cut [d] disk, did [k] cold, kick [g] go, gig [?] uh-oh [Q] butter, better

  3. Fricatives [f]finger, tough [v] vase, have [T]through, tooth [D]that, teeth [s]swim, kiss [z] zoo, desire, has [S] shy, bush [Z] vision, garage [h] hat, inhall

  4. Fricatives [s][S] Stone Stein Spare sparen Sling Schlinge Snow Schnee Smell schmecken

  5. German Fricatives [C]ich, Milch, China [x] Krach, Bach, doch

  6. Affricates [tS]cheap, match [dZ] jump, garage [pf] Pferd, Pfahl [ts] Zeit, Zunge

  7. Nasals [m] mother, from [n] nasty, can [Î] sing, king

  8. Liquids and Glides [ò]road, car [l] light, ball [y] you, use [w] window, what

  9. Classification of consonants • Voicing • Manner of articulation • Place of articulation

  10. Voiced – voiceless consonants [f] father [v] vase [s] salt [z] zoo [t] tree [d] door

  11. Manner of articulation Plosives Fricatives Affricates Nasals Liquids Glides [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [?] [f] [v] [T] [D] [s] [z] [S] [Z] [tS] [dZ] [m] [n] [Î] [l] [w] [y] [ò]

  12. Place of articulation Bilabial Labiodental Interdental Alveolar Pala-Alev. Velar [p] [b] [m] [w] [f] [v] [T] [D] [t] [d] [s] [z] [n] [l] [ò] [S] [Z] [tS] [dZ] [y] [k] [g] [Î] [w]

  13. English consonants

  14. German consonants

  15. Differences • Only in English: [T] [D] [w] • Only in German: [C] [x] [pf] [ts] • R-sounds: [r] [R] • Latarals: dark vs. light [l] • Phonotactics: [z] beginning of word • Phonotactics: [?] beginning of word • Phonotactics: [b, d, g, v, z, Z, dZ]

  16. Classification of vowels • height • advancement • lip rounding • tenseness

  17. English tense vowels [i] teeth, keep, heat, he, people, money [ei] gray, okay, hay, bait, great, they [u] boot, who, too, taboo [ou] over, boat, grow, though

  18. The Great English Vowel Shift • i u • aI aU • e(e) o(o) • E O • { • a

  19. English lax vowels [I]injury, insist, bit, business, hit [E] bet, reception, head, says, guest, bed [æ] bat, anger, had, comrade, rally, hat [U] put, could, butcher, hood, good [O] caught, bought, core, wrong [a] father, sergeant, hospital, car [ö] but, tough, another [@] among, diet, salary

  20. English diphthongs [aI] island, bite, aisle, hide, high, height [aw] bout, brown, doubt, flower, loud, how [oI] boy, rejoice, annoy, toy

  21. English diphthongs

  22. English vowel chart

  23. German tense vowels [i] Vieh, Igel [e] Reh, Esel [E:] gähnen. Ähre [y] früh, über [ï] Böhe, Österreich [u] Kuh, Uhu [o] Boot, Ofen [a:] nah, Aachen

  24. German lax vowels [I] Kind, Indien [E] Stern, England [Y] Fürst [û] Gehör, örtlich [U] Sturm [O] Holm [a] Halm [@] bitte

  25. German diphthongs [aI] Eis, reiten, Brei [aw] braun, Auto, Bau [oI] heute, Euter

  26. German vowel chart

  27. Phonemes and allophones [thOp] top aspirated [stOp] stop plain /p t k/ → [ph th kh] / #__, V' [p t k] elsewhere

  28. Contrastive – complementary distribution [l{k] lack [param] wind [r{k] rack [irim] name [lif] leaf [pal] foot [rif] reef [mal] horse [l] → [r] / V __ V [l] elsewhere [r] → [l] / __# [r] elsewhere

  29. Aspiration [thOt] top aspirated [stOp] stop plain /p t k/ → [ph th kh] / #__, V' [p t k] elsewhere

  30. Nasalization [kæn] can [kãm] come /V/→ [V] / __N [V] elsewhere

  31. Vowel lengthening [bE:d] bed [h{:v] have /V/→ [V:] / __ [+voice] [V] elsewhere

  32. Flapping [böQr] butter [bEQr] better /t/→ [Q] / after stressed syllables at the beginning of an unstressed syllable [t] elsewhere

  33. Interference have [h{f] come [kam] leg [lEk] kill [kIl] is [Is] bag [b{k] bomb [bOmp] back [b{k] jump [Zömp] laugh [laf] begin [b@gIn] give [gIf]

  34. Auslautverhärtung have [h{v] come [kam] leg [lEg] kill [kIl] is [Iz] bag [b{g] bomb [bOmb] back [b{k] jump [Zömp] laugh [laf] begin [b@gIn] give [gIv]

  35. Auslautverhärtung Hund Hunde Weg Wege tob toben Bund Bünde bunt bunte

  36. German [axt] eight [IC] I [bux] book [ECt] real [lOx] hole [sprIC] speak [ho:x] hoch [lEC@ln] smile [fluxt] flight [riC@n] smell [lax@n] laugh [fECt@n] to fence

  37. German [axt] eight [IC] I [bux] book [ECt] real [lOx] hole [sprIC] speak [ho:x] hoch [lEC@ln] smile [fluxt] flight [riC@n] smell [lax@n] laugh [fECt@n] to fence

  38. Exercise 1 • Provide the phonetic symbol • High front tense unrounded vowel • Low back lax unrounded vowel • Voiced labiodental fricative • Voiceless palatal fricative • Voiced velar nasal [i] [a] [v] [S] [Î]

  39. Exercise 2 Provide the articulatory features • [z] • [dZ] • [y] • [I] • [U] Voiced, alveolar, fricative Voiced, palatal-alveolar, affricate Voiced, palatal, glide High, front, lax, unrounded High, back, lax rounded

  40. Exercise 3 Identify the common articulatory features • [k, Î, g, x] • [v, Z, z, D] • [w, y] • [i, e, o, u] • [e, o, O, E] velar voiced fricatives glides tense vowels mid vowels

  41. Exercise 4 Provide the IPA symbol for the first speech sound • though • easy • knife • thought • contact [D] • judge • Thomas • physics • civic • use [dZ] [t] [i] [f] [n] [s] [T] [k] [y]

  42. Exercise 5 Write in ordinary English • [ritS] • [rIdZ] • [kaIt] • [{ktSn] • [T{Îks] • [Sules] reach ridge kite action thanks shoelace

  43. Exercise 5 (Italian) [faÎgo] mud [tinta] dye [tEnda] tent [tEÎgo] I keep [tiÎgo] I dye [fuÎgo] mushroom [nero] black [byaÎka] shite [aÎke] also [dansa] dance [dZEnte] people [sapone] soap

  44. Exercise 5 (Italian) [faÎgo] mud [tinta] dye [tEnda] tent [tEÎgo] I keep [tiÎgo] I dye [fuÎgo] mushroom [nero] black [byaÎka] shite [aÎke] also [dansa] dance [dZEnte] people [sapone] soap

  45. Exercise 7 (Old English) [briÎgan] to bring [lUvU] love [driÎkan] to drink [mannes] mans [f{st] fast [mo:na] moon [fi:fta] fifth [ni:xsta] next [fOlk] folk [Offrian] to offer [fOnt] font [Ovans] oven [ha:t] hot [n:on] noon [hlo:T] troop [ru:x] rough [TUÎgEn] full grown [l@Îgan] to lengthen [nixt] night [hr{vn] raven

  46. Exercise 7 (Old English) [briÎgan] to bring [lUvU] love [driÎkan] to drink [mannes] mans [f{st] fast [mo:na] moon [fi:fta] fifth [ni:xsta] next [fOlk] folk [Offrian] to offer [fOnt] font [Ovans] oven [ha:t] hot [n:on] noon [hlo:T] troop [ru:x] rough [TUÎgEn] full grown [l@Îgan] to lengthen [nixt] night [hr{vn] raven

  47. Exercise 7 (Old English) [briÎgan] to bring [lUvU] love [driÎkan] to drink [mannes] mans [f{st] fast [mo:na] moon [fi:fta] fifth [ni:xsta] next [fOlk] folk [Offrian] to offer [fOnt] font [Ovans] oven [ha:t] hot [n:on] noon [hlo:T] troop [ru:x] rough [TUÎgEn] full grown [l@Îgan] to lengthen [nixt] night [hr{vn] raven

  48. Exercise 7 (Old English) [briÎgan] to bring [lUvU] love [driÎkan] to drink [mannes] mans [f{st] fast [mo:na] moon [fi:fta] fifth [ni:xsta] next [fOlk] folk [Offrian] to offer [fOnt] font [Ovans] oven [ha:t] hot [n:on] noon [hlo:T] troop [ru:x] rough [TUÎgEn] full grown [l@Îgan] to lengthen [nixt] night [hr{vn] raven

  49. German [axt] eight [IC] I [bux] book [ECt] real [lOx] hole [sprIC] speak [ho:x] hoch [lEC@ln] smile [fluxt] flight [riC@n] smell [lax@n] laugh [fECt@n] to fence

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