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Information For Learning Object eXchange (ILOX). David Massart, EUN. Licensed under IMS LODE License. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License Notification of patent claims Sharing of derivative works with the IMS LODE Community
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Information For Learning Object eXchange (ILOX) David Massart, EUN
Licensed under IMS LODE License • Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License • Notification of patent claims • Sharing of derivative works with the IMS LODE Community • http://www.imsglobal.org/lode/lode_license.html
Disclaimer The work described in this presentation is partially supported by the European Community eContentplusprogramme - project ASPECT: Adopting Standards and Specifications for Educational Content (Grant agreement number ECP-2007-EDU-417008). The author is solely responsible for the content of this presentation. It does not represent the opinion of the European Community and the European Community is not responsible for any use that might be made of information contained therein.
Outline • Materialization • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) • FRBR & LOM • Describing LOs at Different FRBR Levels • Metadata description in practice • Handling LOM (instead of LOs) • Discussion: ILOX versus OAI-ORE
Materialization x • An abstraction mechanism (conceptual modeling) • The relationship between a class of categories (e.g., a book) and a class of more concrete objects (e.g., a book copy)
Materialization (cont.) • Supports some sort of attribute-propagation mechanism • I.e., many attributes of the more abstract class are naturally applicable to the more concrete class • E.g., the title of a book applies to all its copies
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records – FRBR [fɝbɚ]
FRBR and LOM • Some LOM data elements are typical of one FRBR aspect of learning objects • Some LOM data elements are potentially relevant to describe more than one FRBR aspect • Other LOM elements do not describe any FRBR aspect of learning objects • In principle, all LOM data elements being optional, a LOM instance can be used to describe any of the 4 FRBR aspects of a learning object
Describing LOs at Different FRBR Levels • General Principle • Describing a learning object as a • FRBR Work • FRBR Expression • FRBR Manifestation • FRBR Item
General Principle • Describe each FRBR level with • Optional Identifier • Level-specific metadata (e.g., LOM, DC, …) • Additional level specific information (when needed) • Information about the direct lower FRBR level
Work-Level Metadata • Metadata elements typical of a work • LOM examples: • General.Title • General.Description • Educational • Classification
Description Facets • Content Provider Metadata • Folksonomies • Translation • NOTE: Will require a controlled vocabulary
License as a Facet • Identifier: A URI (e.g., http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/be/) • Description: Metadata (e.g., lom.rights or a DREL expression)
License Facet • Can be present at any FRBR-level • License applied to an object at one level • Applies to all its materialization at the lowest levels • Unless it is overridden at a lower level • Note that more than one license can apply to the same object (i.e., a facet is not a key – It is possible to have more than one license facet)
Expression-Level Metadata • Metadata elements typical of an Expression • LOM examples: • General.language • Life-cycle
Manifestation Names & <Parameters> • Preview (will require best practice) • Thumbnail of <Mime Type image/xxxx> • Metadata in <URI of the schema> • Experience (as rendered in my user interface – “remote play”) • Package in <format>
Package in <format> • Vocabulary: http://imsglobal.org/vdex/imscp_terms_resource.xml • Note: Look at W3C HTTP Content Negotiation for compression, encodings
Manifestation-Level Metadata • Metadata elements typical of a Manifestation • LOM examples: All the technical elements but location
Item Location • URI (resolvable location: e.g., a URL or a persistent identifier for a copy of the LO - handle, DOI, PURL) • Description: Metadata (optional)
Item-Level Metadata • Metadata elements typical of an Item • LOM example: Technical.location
LRE DRM and Item Location • How does the Requestor find the LRE DRM Service? item.location.URI • How does it select the relevant context? item.location.description
Metadata Description In Practice • Best practice rather than strict rules • Selecting the right level • What goes in a description depends on: • The context: Harvesting, search, publishing • The selected FRBR level: Work, expression, manifestation, item • The informational needs
Selecting The Right Level • Work: One result entry by learning object (LO): No immediate distinction between the LO versions • Expression: One result entry by LO version: No immediate distinction between the different formats of a given LO version • Manifestation: One result entry by LO format: No immediate distinction between the different copies of an LO. • Item: One result entry by LO copy
What Goes In A Description:Context • Harvesting: Full metadata record(s) attached to the selected level • Publishing: Full metadata record(s) attached to the selected level • Search: Metadata elements relevant to the selected levels
Handling LOM (instead of LOs) • Work • Meta-metadata.identifier • Meta-metadata.contribute • Expression • Meta-metadata.language • Manifestation • Meta-metadata.schema
ILOX versus OAI-ORE • OAI-ORE and ILOX are orthogonal • Conceptually, • OAI-ORE implements the “Aggregation” abstraction mechanism • ILOX implements the “Materialization” abstraction mechanism • They can be combined: E.g., materialization of aggregation
Kill (more than) Two Birds With One Stone ILOX is a conceptually clean solution for • Selecting from several LO versions • Selecting from several package formats • Attaching licenses to the right level • Handling an LO description split into several metadata instances • Providing the appropriate amount of information in search results • Supporting DRM approaches