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Diabetes

Diabetes. Noncommunicable Disease Mrs. Whiteman. Diabetes…by Wilford Brimley. Diabetes Facts…. Data from the 2007 National Diabetes Fact Sheet (the most recent year for which data is available)

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Diabetes

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  1. Diabetes Noncommunicable Disease Mrs. Whiteman

  2. Diabetes…by Wilford Brimley

  3. Diabetes Facts… • Data from the 2007 National Diabetes Fact Sheet (the most recent year for which data is available) • Total: 23.6 million children and adults in the United States—7.8% of the population—have diabetes. • Diagnosed: 17.9 million people • Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people • Pre-diabetes: 57 million people • New Cases: 1.6 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed in people aged 20 years and older each year.

  4. Diabetes Under 20 years of age 186,300, or 0.22% of all people in this age group have diabetes About 1 in every 400 to 600 children and adolescents has type 1 diabetes About 2 million adolescents aged 12-19 have pre-diabetes

  5. Diabetes • Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both. • To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process by which food is broken down and used by the body for energy. Several things happen when food is digested: • A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a source of fuel for the body. • An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel. • People with diabetes have high blood sugar. This is because: • Their pancreas does not make enough insulin • Their muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond to insulin normally • Both of the above

  6. Diabetes Complications • Complications • Heart disease and stroke • High blood pressure • Blindness • Kidney disease • Nervous system disease (Neuropathy) • Amputation

  7. Heart Disease and Stroke • • In 2004, heart disease was noted on 68% of diabetes-related death certificates among people aged 65 years or older.• In 2004, stroke was noted on 16% of diabetes-related death certificates among people aged 65 years or older.• Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates about 2 to 4 times higher than adults without diabetes.• The risk for stroke is 2 to 4 times higher among people with diabetes.

  8. High Blood Pressure • In 2003–2004, 75% of adults with self-reported diabetes had blood pressure greater than or equal to 130/80 mmHg, or used prescription medications for hypertension.

  9. Blindness • • Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among adults aged 20–74 years.• Diabetic retinopathy causes 12,000 to 24,000 new cases of blindness each year.

  10. Kidney Disease • • Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, accounting for 44% of new cases in 2005.• In 2005, 46,739 people with diabetes began treatment for end-stage kidney disease in the United States and Puerto Rico.• In 2005, a total of 178,689 people with end-stage kidney disease due to diabetes were living on chronic dialysis or with a kidney transplant in the United States and Puerto Rico.

  11. Nervous System Disease • About 60% to 70% of people with diabetes have mild to severe forms of nervous system damage.

  12. Amputation • • More than 60% of nontraumatic lower-limb amputations occur in people with diabetes.• In 2004, about 71,000 nontraumatic lower-limb amputations were performed in people with diabetes.

  13. Types of Diabetes • Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. • Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use glucose for energy. When you eat food, the body breaks down all of the sugars and starches into glucose, which is the basic fuel for the cells in the body. Insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells.

  14. Type 1 Diabetes • Diabetes often goes undiagnosed because many of its symptoms seem so harmless. Recent studies indicate that the early detection of diabetes symptoms and treatment can decrease the chance of developing the complications of diabetes. • Type 1 Diabetes • Frequent urination • Unusual thirst • Extreme hunger • Unusual weight loss • Extreme fatigue and Irritability

  15. Why does this happen? • Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both. • There are three major types of diabetes: • Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. Many patients are diagnosed when they are older than age 20. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune problems may play a role. • Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. It makes up most of diabetes cases. It usually occurs in adulthood, but young people are increasingly being diagnosed with this disease. The pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to insulin. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it, although it is a serious condition. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common due to increasing obesity and failure to exercise. • Gestational diabetes is high blood glucose that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes. Women who have gestational diabetes are at high risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life.

  16. Do You Know How Food Portions Have Changed in 20 Years? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Obesity Education Initiative

  17. BAGEL 20 Years Ago Today 140 calories 3-inch diameter How many calories are in this bagel?

  18. BAGEL 20 Years Ago Today 140 calories 3-inch diameter 350 calories 6-inch diameter Calorie Difference: 210 calories

  19. Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act Calories In = Calories Out How long will you have to rake leaves in order to burn theextra 210 calories?* *Based on 130-pound person

  20. Calories In = Calories Out If you rake the leaves for 50 minutes you will burn the extra 210 calories.* *Based on 130-pound person

  21. CHEESEBURGER Today 20 Years Ago 333 calories How many calories are in today’s cheeseburger?

  22. CHEESEBURGER Today 20 Years Ago 333 calories 590 calories Calorie Difference: 257 calories

  23. Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act Calories In = Calories Out How long will you have to lift weights in order to burn theextra 257 calories?* *Based on 130-pound person

  24. Calories In = Calories Out If you lift weights for1 hour and 30 minutes,you will burn approximately 257 calories.* *Based on 130-pound person

  25. SPAGHETTI AND MEATBALLS 20 Years Ago Today 500 calories 1 cup spaghetti with sauce and 3 small meatballs How many calories do you think are in today's portion of spaghetti and meatballs?

  26. SPAGHETTI AND MEATBALLS 20 Years Ago Today 500 calories 1 cup spaghetti with sauce and 3 small meatballs 1,025 calories 2 cups of pasta with sauce and 3 large meatballs Calorie Difference: 525 calories

  27. Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act Calories In = Calories Out How long will you have to houseclean in order to burn the extra 525 calories?* *Based on 130-pound person

  28. Calories In = Calories Out If you houseclean for 2 hours and 35 minutes, you will burn approximately 525 calories.* *Based on 130-pound person

  29. FRENCH FRIES 20 Years Ago Today 210 Calories 2.4 ounces How many calories are in today’s portion of fries?

  30. FRENCH FRIES 20 Years Ago Today 210 Calories 2.4 ounces 610 Calories 6.9 ounces Calorie Difference: 400 Calories

  31. Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act Calories In = Calories Out How long will you have to walk leisurely in order to burn those extra 400 calories?* *Based on 160-pound person

  32. Calories In = Calories Out If you walk leisurely for1 hour and 10 minutesyou will burn approximately 400 calories.* *Based on 160-pound person

  33. SODA 20 Years Ago Today 85 Calories 6.5 ounces How many calories are in today’s portion?

  34. SODA 20 Years Ago Today 85 Calories 6.5 ounces 250 Calories 20 ounces Calorie Difference: 165 Calories

  35. Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act Calories In = Calories Out How long will you have to work in the garden to burn those extra calories?* *Based on 160-pound person

  36. Calories In = Calories Out If you work in the garden for 35 minutes, you will burn approximately 165 calories.* *Based on 160-pound person

  37. TURKEY SANDWICH 20 Years Ago Today 320 calories How many calories are in today’s turkey sandwich?

  38. TURKEY SANDWICH 20 Years Ago Today 320 calories 820 calories Calorie Difference: 500 calories

  39. Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act Calories In = Calories Out How long will you have to ride a bike in order to burn those extra calories?* *Based on 160-pound person

  40. Calories In = Calories Out If you ride a bike for 1 hour and 25 minutes,you will burn approximately 500 calories.* *Based on 160-pound person

  41. Thank you for participating in Portion Distortion! For more information about Maintaining a Healthy Weight visit www.nhlbi.nih.gov

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