Computer for Health Sciences 101COMP

1. Computer for Health Sciences 101COMP

2. COMPUTER SOFTWARELec. (2)

3. 1. OPERATING SYSTEMS • The operating system or`OS is the foundation software of a computer, that which schedules tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user between applications.

4. Some Functions of an Operating System: • Boot-up the computer. • Control the hard drives. (This includes such features as formatting and defragmenting disks as well as saving files to and retrieving files from disk). • Control input devices such as keyboards, mice and scanners. • Control output devices such as the video display and printer. • Control the external ports. (Ports are the external connections that enable peripheral devices to be connected to a computer. The important types of ports are USB ports). 6. Provide the functionality for computers to be linked in a network. 7. Provide the foundation for application software to be launched. 8. Enable application software to access and use the hardware.

5. User / Programmer Operating System How the Operating System work? Computer Machine Machine Language (Low Level Language) Human Understandable Language (High Level Language)

6. Operating systems can be classified as follows: • Multi-user A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer at the same time and different times, examples : Linux, Unix , and Windows 2000 (Server) 2. Single-user, single task This operating system is designed to manage the handheld computers so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time, example: The Palm OS for Palm handheld computers .

7. Operating systems ( Cont….) 3. Single-user, multi-tasking Most people uses this operating system on their desktop and laptop computers today, Microsoft's Windows , Apple's Mac OS 4. Real-time operating system (RTOS)  Is a computer operating system designed to handle events as they occur. It commonly found and used in robotics, cameras, and Medical devices (medical imaging, nuclear medicine, medical diagnostics and several medical applications).

8. Popular Desktop Operating System:

9. Popular Mobile Operating System

10. Popular Medical Operating Systems: 1. LynxOS: Nuclear Medicine Imaging System GENIE Acquisition system

11. 2. QNX Neutrino RTOS Medical Reference Design

12. Graphical User Interface (GUI)

13. Old Operating System Microsoft Disk operating system, MS-DOS

14. Graphical user interface • Graphical user interface (GUI),  is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons. • The most widely used type of graphical user interfaces are WIMP systems. WIMP stands for Windows Icons Menu Pointer. Options are represented by small pictures or 'icons' arranged inside rectangular boxes called windows.

15. GUI basic components: • Pointer : A symbol that appears on the display screen and that you move to select objects and commands. Usually, the pointer appears as a small angled arrow. • Pointing device : A device, such as a mouse, that enables you to select objects on the display screen. • Icons : Small pictures that represent commands, files, or windows. By moving the pointer to the icon and pressing a mouse button, you can execute a command or convert the icon into a window.

16. GUI basic components (Cont…) • Desktop : The area on the display screen where icons are grouped is often referred to as the desktop because the icons are intended to represent real objects on a real desktop. • Windows: You can divide the screen into different areas. In each window, you can run a different program or display a different file. You can move windows around the display screen, and change their shape and size at will. • Menus : Most graphical user interfaces let you execute commands by selecting a choice from a menu.

17. GUI examples :

19. Advantages and Disadvantages of GUI’s: • Advantages: • This type of interface is easy to use, especially for a beginner. • Easy to explore and find your way around the system using a WIMP/GUI interface. • Let you exchange data between different software application. • Disadvantage: • Require a lot of memory (RAM) to run. • Take up a much amount of hard disc space. • They use more processing power.

20. Microsoft windows Environment • Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s. • Over the years, there have been many different versions of Windows but the most recent ones are Windows Vista(2007), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows 8 (2012). • Windows comes preloaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world.

21. Explore Windows 7 features:

22. Aero Features Windows 7 uses a group of features called Windows Aero: • Snap • Peek • Shake • Flip

23. Snap:A quick way to resize and compare windows on your desktop.

26. Peek • Peek gives you the power of X-ray vision, so you can peer past all your open windows straight to the windows 7 desktop. • Simply point to the end of the taskbar and watch open windows instantly turn transparent, revealing all your hidden icons and gadgets.

28. Peek gives you the power of X-ray vision.

29. Shake • When your desktop is cluttered with open windows, you can use Shake to select a single window and close the rest. • Click on the top of the window you want to focus on, Shake it and the rest of the windows will disappear. • Simply Shake the window again and the closed windows will reappear.

30. desktop is cluttered with open windows.

32. Flip • Flip and Flip 3D are two more ways you can preview your open windows. • Press and hold the Alt key and then press Tab to open the Flip view of your open windows. • While still pressing the Alt key, you can Flip through the open windows by pressing the Tab key. • Stop on the window you want to open and it will appear on the full screen

33. Flip

34. Flip 3D • Press and hold the Windows key and then press Tab for a 3D version of Flip. • Use the Tab key or Arrow keys to Flip through your open windows.

38. Access a jump listJump lists take you right to the documents, pictures, songs or websites you turn to each day.

39. More taskbar features:

40. Themes and background • you can right-click the Desktop and select Personalize.

41. Gadgets • Gadgets are programs that run on your desktop so that you can see information at a glance. Gadgets can give you information about the weather, date & time, news, traffic and more.

42. Get the time and weather with desktop gadgets

44. Some Windows 7 Accessories • You may have heard people talking about using an application, or an app. But what exactly does that mean? An app is a type of software that allows you to perform specific tasks. • When you open an application, it runs inside the operating system until you close it. Much of the time, you will have more than one application open at the same time, and this is known as multi-tasking.

45. Calculator To use the Windows 7 Calculator accessory, 1- Click the Start button, 2- Type calc, and 3- Click Calculator in the search results. The Calculator appears on your desktop.

46. Snipping Tool Capture the computer screen with the Windows Snipping Tool The Snipping Tool captures all or part of the computer display screen as a picture. You can save the picture and attach it to an e-mail or paste the picture into a document. 

47. The painter The Paint window opens. You draw on the canvas by simply clicking and dragging your mouse or using the brushes.

48. Sound Recorder If your computer has a microphone, you can record audio notes or reminders to yourself with the Sound Recorder accessory.

49. Sticky Notes To use Sticky Notes — an accessory that puts yellow notes directly on your computer’s desktop 

50. Notepad Click Start In the Run box or on the Windows Start Screen type "notepad" and press Enter. or Click Start Click Programs and then Accessories Click the "Notepad" icon. Notepad is a generic text editor included with Microsoft Windows that enables someone to open and read plaintext files (you can’t insert pictures).