Initiative on Best Practices Optimising Nutrient Recycling

1. Initiative on Best Practices Optimising Nutrient Recycling Laurent Stravato (IFAD) & Arno Rosemarin (SEI) AfricaSan, Durban

2. Background • IFAD and SEI are collaborating to reinforce the link between sanitation and agriculture. • The approach includes the following IWRM components conservation agriculture and rainwater harvesting.

3. The Agriculture Challenge • 800 million people in 46 countries malnourished • each day 40,000 die of hunger and hunger-related diseases • famine threatens 9 African countries, 20 million lives at risk • 75-80% of Africa's farmland is degraded • Africa loses 30-60kg of nutrients/ha/yr • 2002/03 Sub-Saharan Africa used 8kg fertiliser/ha compared to South America (80kg), Western Europe (175kg), East Asia (202kg), South Africa (61 kg) • cost of fertiliser in US in 2006 was $150/t • in landlocked African countries it was $600/t due to poor transport infrastructure - rail & road • Fertiliser prices are increasing by 3 and 4 fold per year now due to the rapid growth in demand from biofuels

4. Geopolitical Perils: Global Fertiliser Supply is Controlled by Just 8 Countries • Nitrogen: • 97% of nitrogen fertilisers are from ammonia produced from methane • natural gas available in >60 countries produce these fertilisers • Phosphate: • from mined phosphate rock • 3 countries extract 77% of the world’s product: Morocco & Western Sahara, China and USA • Potassium: • from mined potassium salts • global potassium supply is limited to 5 countries – Canada, Russia, Germany, Belarus and Brazil

5. Fertiliser prices soaring Urea 400 USD/t Phosphate 800 USD/t

6. Tunisia Russia Morocco China US Mine Production of Phosphate Rock, 1994-2006 (from USGS)

7. IFAD Financial Platform Productive and social investment • Financing mechanisms of IFAD at programme level: Mainly through loans on agro-productive activities. 800 M$ Year • Grants Interventions of the Belgian Survival Fund Joint Programme are focusing on social development that complement the IFAD loans for agricultural and rural development. (US$225million investment beyond) • What products in the WASH sector are linking productive and social investment and respond to IFAD’s mandate?

8. Urea = 6 kg TSP = 2 kg KCL ~ 2,6 kg = N = 2,8 kg P = 0,4 kg K ~ 1,3 kg Per person per year N = 2,8 kg P = 0,4 kg K ~ 1,3 kg Per person per year Mauretania (pop = 3 090 000) ~ 24 million Euro 30 000 UM ~80 Euro 3000 UM ~8 Euro Quantity and value of nutrients in urine and faeces in Mauritania (calculation by CREPA) 70% of the money is in theURINE

9. Sanitation built into the Mauritania Maghama Improved Flood Recession Farming Project Phase II Overall budget: 15 Million USD 1. Main interests : Access to fertilizers to support the Farm Field School component. 2. The price of fertilizers in Mauritania (has increased 4-fold in 2007). 3. Adapted technologies and farmers ownership of technologies and scaling up. 5. The project is developing activities in close collaboration with women trained by the Farm Field School. 6. Agreement to start a pilot project for one crop season in 5 villages.

10. Opportunities to scale up • Increase the demand in project areas (Agricultural related activities, Value chain, Agri business) • Business opportunities for small scale operators. . Picture from Linus Dagerskog (SEI/CREPA)

11. Thank you!!! Ngiyabonga!!!