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Influence of Roadside Establishment Practices on Sediment and Nutrient Loss

Influence of Roadside Establishment Practices on Sediment and Nutrient Loss. Kyle R. Briscoe G. Munshaw, J.J. Varco, B.R. Stewart Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University. Research Motivation.

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Influence of Roadside Establishment Practices on Sediment and Nutrient Loss

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  1. Influence of Roadside Establishment Practices on Sediment and Nutrient Loss Kyle R. Briscoe G. Munshaw, J.J. Varco, B.R. Stewart Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University

  2. Research Motivation • Mississippi Nonpoint Source Management Plan lists sediment as a potential surface water pollutant, nutrients are not mentioned (MDEQ, 2000) • Mississippi Department of Transportation specifications: • 13-13-13 fertilizer applied during seeding at 1123 kg ha-1 • N and P can contribute to eutrophication of surface water

  3. Objectives • Determine the influence of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) sources and rates, and fertilizer application timing on sediment and nutrient losses during runoff • Evaluate species establishment under various fertility programs

  4. MDOT Specifications • MS Department of Transportation (MDOT) • Soil tests • Lime applied as needed • Fertilizer: 13-13-13 applied at 1123 kg fertilizer ha-1 • Seed Mixture: • Bahiagrass 28 kg seed ha-1 • Tall fescue 28 kg seed ha-1 • Sericea lespedeza 28 kg seed ha-1 • Common bermudagrass 23 kg seed ha-1 • Crimson clover 23 kg seed ha-1 (fall planting only) • Hay or wheat straw applied at 4490 kg ha-1

  5. Runoff Field Site • Plot area disked and tilled • Weather station - rainfall, wind speed, air temp., relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation

  6. Runoff Experimental Design • Randomized complete block, 4 replicates • Stainless steel frames (0.75 x 2 m) and plastic collection containers were used to collect runoff from simulated and natural rainfall

  7. Half Rates

  8. Simulated Rainfall • Simulated rain events conducted 14, 28, and 56 days after seeding • Simulated rainfall intensity = 66 mm hr-1 • Total runoff volume determined on a weight basis • Runoff samples collected every 5 minutes after runoff began and continued for 30 minutes

  9. Nutrient Loss Evaluation • Runoff water analyzed for total sediment (TS), dissolved reactive P (DRP), total P (TP), NH4-N, NO3-N, and total N (TN)

  10. Vegetative Cover Evaluation • Weekly percent cover data collected visually and by digital image analysis

  11. Vegetative Coverage

  12. Natural Rainfall - DRP

  13. Simulation 1 – DRP

  14. Simulation 2 – DRP

  15. Simulation 3 – DRP

  16. Simulated Rainfall – Total DRP

  17. Conclusions • Establishing vegetation on roadsides can be difficult due to infertile disturbed soils • MDOT fertilizer specifications could potentially lead to nutrient loss • No significant differences in vegetative coverage were observed between fertilizer sources or rates • Phosphorous source may have an influence on DRP lost during runoff events • Significantly more DRP was lost from plots treated with a mixture of poultry litter and TSP • A second project is evaluating the influence of various mulches on sediment and nutrient losses

  18. Influence of Roadside Establishment Practices on Sediment and Nutrient Loss Kyle Briscoe Graduate Research Assistant Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University kb371@msstate.edu Dr. Jac Varco Professor Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University jvarco@pss.msstate.edu

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