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Notes 5-2: Ionic Bonds

Notes 5-2: Ionic Bonds. -. +. +. -. Chemical Bond. A force of attraction that holds two atoms together Has a significant effect on chemical and physical properties of compounds involves the valence electrons. Valence Electrons – the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.

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Notes 5-2: Ionic Bonds

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  1. Notes 5-2: Ionic Bonds - + + -

  2. Chemical Bond • A force of attraction that holds two atoms together • Has a significant effect on chemical and physical properties of compounds • involves the valence electrons Valence Electrons – the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom This Lithium Atom has one valence electron

  3. Counting Valence Electrons Carbon 4 valence electrons Beryllium 2 valence electrons Oxygen 6 valence electrons

  4. How Many Valence Electrons? • Hydrogen • Lead • Xenon • Sulfur • Rubidium 1 Valence Electron 4 Valence Electrons 8 Valence Electrons 6 Valence Electrons 1 Valence Electron

  5. The Octet Rule • Atoms will combine to form compounds in order to reach eight electrons in their outer energy level. • Atoms with less than 4 electrons tend to lose electrons. (Usually metals) • Atoms with more than 4 electrons tend to gain electrons. (Usually nonmetals) • Be aware that there are some exceptions! CONSIDER EIGHT A HAPPY NUMBER FOR ATOMS!

  6. + + + - - - + - - + + + + + - - + + - - - - The Octet Rule In Action 6 7 Notice how this chlorine atom has seven valence electrons, one away from eight. It will try to gain one more according to the Octet Rule. 5 4 1 1 2 3 Notice how the sodium atom has one valence electron. It is this electron that it will try to get rid of according to the Octet Rule. Where do you think Chlorine finds that one electron that it needs?

  7. Lewis Structure(Electron Dot Diagram) • a way of drawing the outer energy level electrons (valence) of an atom • The symbol for the element surrounded by as many dots as there are electrons in its outer energy level (valence) • Examples How many valence electrons do each of these atoms have?

  8. Oxidation Number • The charge that an atom would have if it lost or gained electrons; ionic charge • Can be helpful in determining which atoms will interact or bond with each other • Example: According to electron dot diagram for Magnesium, it has two valence electrons. Because Magnesium is “unhappy” with two, it will typically lose them. If this happens it will turn into a Magnesium ion. At this point it will have an oxidation number of +2. 2+ Mg

  9. H O Ne Sr What Could the Oxidation Number Be? +1 or -1 because it can gain or lose one electron -2 because it will gain two electrons 0 because it will not gain or lose electrons +2 because it will lose two electrons

  10. 3 Types of Chemical Bonds • Ionic • Covalent • Metallic

  11. The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions. Complete transfer of electrons Usually form between atoms of metals and atoms of non-metals Resulting compounds have a name that usually ends in –ide IONIC BONDS 1+ 1- Na Cl Which different groups or families of elements will most-likely interact to create these types of bonds? - Example - Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

  12. When an atom of a nonmetal takes one or more electrons from an atom of a metal so both atoms end up with eight valence electrons IONIC BONDING

  13. NONMETAL METAL SUBSCRIPTS IONIC BONDING IS THE COMPOUND AN IONIC COMPOUND? Mg N 3 2

  14. IONIC BOND FORMATION Non-Metal Metal Neutral atoms come near each other. Electron(s) are transferred from the Metal atom to the Non-metal atom. They stick together because of electrostatic forces, like magnets.

  15. IONIC BONDING POLYATOMIC IONS--a group of atoms that act like one ion --usually end in “ate” or “ite” NH4+1—ammonium ion CO3-2--carbonate ion PO4-3--phosphate ion

  16. Na SO 4 2 IONIC BONDING SODIUM SULFATE

  17. Groups Per 1B • Group 1) Corinne, Melissa, Vanessa, Nik, Zane, Arun • Group 2) Brian, Macy, Aaron, Cole, Jingjing, Elise • Group 3) Vanessa, Gina, Jorge, Genesis, Stephen, Victor • Group 4) Brock, Michael, Jack, Brent, Maty, Anthony • Group 5) Sophia, Sorayah, Justin, Jazmin, Jackie, Faith • Group 6) Emily, Isabella, Sophie, Joe, Cheyenne

  18. Groups Per 2B • Group 1) Chrystian, James, Alissa, Brody, Drew, Victor • Group 2) Jason, Garrison, Ian, Jonathan, Zach C, Leslie • Group 3) Rachel, Naysha, Fabiola, David, Jarrett, Zach M • Group 4) Jake, Amanda, Juliette, Kayleigh, Neal, Andrea • Group 5) Horacio, Evelyn, Ryan, Sarina, Abby, Andrew M • Group 6) Josh, Holly, Sara, Megan, Lawton

  19. Groups Per 3B • Group 1) Luke, Hector, Chris, Francisco, Carla, Nesly • Group 2) AJS, CJ, Grace, Molly, Emma, Robert • Group 3) Sammy, Michael, Will, Katia, David, Cole • Group 4) Sanjana, Ava, Hanna, Kyle, Austin, Lacey • Group 5) Zach, Eric, Julia, Megan, Monetha • Group 6) Emily, Kylie, Hope, Saabir, Ariana, Natalie

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