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Module 4: Early 20 th Century Reformers

Module 4: Early 20 th Century Reformers. HTY-335-CA01. Women Reformers. The Progressive Era Settlement House Movement Jane Addams and Hull House. Protection for children Protection for women Safety standards Education rights. Women Reformers: The Progressive Era. 1890s-1920s

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Module 4: Early 20 th Century Reformers

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  1. Module 4: Early 20th Century Reformers HTY-335-CA01

  2. Women Reformers • The Progressive Era • Settlement House Movement • Jane Addams and Hull House • Protection for children • Protection for women • Safety standards • Education rights

  3. Women Reformers: The Progressive Era • 1890s-1920s • Response to overcrowding and filth in many cities • Seeking reform: • Health • Safety • Working Conditions • Equal Rights • Education • Muckraking Journalists

  4. Women Reformers: Settlement House • Set up by upper or middle class women • Located in poor areas • Places to offer aid and sociological research • Typical Services: • Child-care • English-language classes • Meeting spaces • Healthcare • Worked to educate city leadership

  5. Women Reformers:Jane Addams and Hull House • Settlement house in Chicago • Helped more than 2,000 people per week • 13 buildings plus gymnasium • Attracted highly intelligent women • Advocated reforms in children’s rights and protection

  6. Women Reformers:Protection for Children • 1912: • Children’s Bureau in the Federal Department of Labor • Increase in safety standards in work-place • Concerns over infant mortality

  7. Women Reformers:Protection for Women • Advent of reform clubs • The General Federation of Women’s Clubs • National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs • Working towards suffrage • Move from the home to the work place • Predominantly single women

  8. Women Reformers:Safety Standards • The “Factory Inspector” reports workplace accidents • Accidents with molten metal • Getting caught in machinery • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire • Public Opinion as one of the deciding factors

  9. Women Reformers:Education Rights • Much experimentation • New emphasis on “Americanizing” of immigrants • Both traditional academia and workers education was important

  10. Sex and Women’s Reproductive Rights • Margaret Sanger • Birth Control • Abortion • Reproductive Health • Sex Education

  11. Sex and Reproductive Rights:Margaret Sanger • Nurse • Author of articles advocating reform • Arrested for “birth control” clinic • American Birth Control League • Later became Planned Parenthood

  12. Sex and Reproductive Rights:Birth Control • “Compassionate Marriage” • New option to remain single • The Comstock Laws • Prohibited sale of birth control info and “devices” through the mail

  13. Sex and Reproductive Rights:Abortion • Abortions were relatively easy to get • Anti-Abortion campaign focused on: • Reeducation • Question on morality • Dangers of an “at home” abortion

  14. Sex and Reproductive Rights:Reproductive Health • Part of the so-called “social hygiene” movements • An attempt to curb venereal disease • Wanted to reduce prostitution and vice • Eugenics

  15. Sex and Reproductive Rights:Sex Education • Sought to increase knowledge of /bring reform to: • censure pornography • abolish prostitution • raise the age of sexual consent • the right of wives to refuse sex within marriage

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