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Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions

Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions. Salts are solids at room temperature composed of cations and anions arranged in a crystal lattice (i.e. ionic compounds). When salts dissolve in water, they dissociate into aqueous solutions of ions that may or may not affect the pH of a solution.

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Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions

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  1. Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions • Salts are solids at room temperature composed of cations and anions arranged in a crystal lattice (i.e. ionic compounds). • When salts dissolve in water, they dissociate into aqueous solutions of ions that may or may not affect the pH of a solution.

  2. Salts that Form Neutral Solutions • Salts with the cation of a strong base and the anion of a strong acid. (eg NaCl, K2SO4)

  3. Salts that Form Acidic Solutions • Salts where the cation is the conjugate acid of a weak base and the anion of a strong acid. (eg NH4Cl) • Non-metal oxides (eg CO2) • Salts where the cation is a highly charged metal ion and the anion is from a strong acid. (eg AlCl3)

  4. Salts that Form Basic Solutions • Salts with the cation of strong base and the anion of a weak acid. (eg NaC2H3O2) • Metal oxides (eg CuO)

  5. Special Cases • The pH of a salt where the cation is the conjugate acid of a weak base and the anion is the conjugate base of the weak acid will depend on the Ka value of the conjugate acid and the Kb value of the conjugate base. If Ka> Kb, pH will be acidic Ka< Kb, pH will be basic Ka= Kb, pH will be neutral

  6. Summary and Homework • Steps for predicting the Acid-Base Behaviour of a salt page 585 • Summary Chart page 592 • Page 588 #1-5

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