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ACID, BASE, SALT (Including Atom, Ion, Molecules)

ACID, BASE, SALT (Including Atom, Ion, Molecules). ACID. Most things that taste sour are acids, ex: orange juice. Acids have different strengths: the stronger the acid, the better it is at dissolving things (more corrosive) .

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ACID, BASE, SALT (Including Atom, Ion, Molecules)

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  1. ACID, BASE, SALT(Including Atom, Ion, Molecules)

  2. ACID • Most things that taste sour are acids, ex: orange juice. • Acids have different strengths: the stronger the acid, the better it is at dissolving things (more corrosive). • Acid in your stomach (hydrochloric acid) is so strong that it breaks down the food you eat. • You get tooth cavities because germs feed on bits of food that you forget to brush off and make a strong acid that melts your teeth.

  3. BASE • Bases are the opposites of acids. • Like acids, bases have different strengths, and stronger bases dissolve things better than weaker ones (more corrosive). • Strong bases are commonly used to clean water pipes and other surfaces (household utilities).

  4. Acid & Base Characteristics ACID BASE When dissolved in water, bases: 1. Conduct electricity 2. Change red litmus to blue 3. Have a slippery feeling 4. React with acids to neutralize their properties. When dissolved in water, acids: 1. Conduct electricity 2. Change blue litmus to red 3. Have a sour taste 4. React with bases to neutralize their properties

  5. Acid & Base examples REMEMBER! Strong acids and bases are dangerous, so we can’t touch or taste to tell if something is an acid or base.

  6. NEUTRAL • Acids and bases are opposites of each other. So when you mix an acid and a base that are equally strong, they cancel each other out. Acid + Base  salt + water • This is called neutralization. Neutralization makes something that is neither acidic nor basic; this is called neutral. Pure water is neutral.

  7. What happens when acid reacts with base? Let’s watch the video of the acid-base reaction

  8. Acid-Base Reactions • Acid + Base -> neutralizing process, producing a salt. • hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide produces common table salt, NaCl: • The word salt is a general term which applies to the products of all acid-base reactions.

  9. INDICATORS • Indicators are chemicals that change color in acids and bases. By the color of the indicator, you can tell if something is an acid or a base. • The most common indicator is found on "litmus" paper. It is red below pH 4.5 and blue above pH 8.2.

  10. Litmus Paper

  11. There are also natural indicators around us. What are those?

  12. Atom, Ion, Molecules • Atom = the smallest possible amount of an element (bagian terkecil dari unsur) basically atoms are neutral (atom besi Fe) • Ion = atoms with electrical charges (atom yang memiliki muatan listrik) : cation (+) (natrium Na+) or anion (-) (klor Cl-) • Element Molecule (molekul unsur)= the bonding of atoms of the same kind (gabungan atom-atom sejenis) (oksigen O2, fosfor P4, sulfur S8) • Compound Molecule (molekul senyawa)=the bonding of atoms of different kind (gabungan atom-atom beda jenis)(molekul air H2O, karbon monoksida CO, alkohol C2H5OH)

  13. ACID RAIN / HUJAN ASAM kadar SO2 & NO2 di udara meningkat Menguap menjadi awan Turun menjadi hujan Merusak tanaman dan bangunan (karena asam bersifat korosif) Sisa hujan asam mengalir ke tanah & sungai/danau dan membunuh biota (makhluk hidup)

  14. EFEK HUJAN ASAM

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