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“Real” Transformer. E P = 4.44N P f Φ P E S = 4.44N S f Φ S Φ P = Φ M + Φ lp Φ S = Φ M – Φ ls E P = E’ P + E lp E S = E’ S - E ls. “Real” Transformer (continued). KVL @ primary V T = E P + I P R P = E’ P + E lp +I P R P
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“Real” Transformer EP = 4.44NPfΦP ES = 4.44NSfΦS ΦP = ΦM + ΦlpΦS = ΦM – Φls EP = E’P + Elp ES = E’S - Els
“Real” Transformer (continued) KVL @ primary VT = EP + IPRP = E’P+ Elp +IPRP IP = Ife + IM + IP LOAD
Equivalent Circuit of a Real Transformer VT = EP + IPRP = E’P+ Elp +IPRP
“Real” Transformer (continued) KVL @ secondary ES = ISRS + VLOAD = E’S – Els E’S = Els + ISRS + VLOAD
Equivalent Circuit of a Real Transformer VT = EP + IPRP = E’P+ Elp +IPRP E’S = Els + ISRS + VLOAD
Equivalent CircuitParameters Referred to the Primary Define ZeqP = The “equivalent impedance” with all parameters referred to the primary
Note that the excitation branch has been moved to the left! It’s OK as long as the transformer is operated near rated conditions!
Equivalent Circuit for Step-Down Operation Using High-Side Values Use this equivalent circuit to determine the input impedance of the transformer and load.
Equivalent Circuit for Step-Down Operation Using Low-Side Values Use this equivalent circuit to determine the no-load voltage and the voltage regulation.
Equivalent Circuit for Step-Up Operation Using Low-Side Values Use this equivalent circuit to determine the input impedance of the transformer and load.
Equivalent Circuit for Step-UpHigh-Side Values Use this equivalent circuit to determine the no-load voltage and the voltage regulation.