Maritime Security Conference 2012

1. Maritime Security Conference 2012 Halifax - Canada Regional/Interregional MS Governance Dr. Manoj Gupta CJOS & CSW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE

2. Panel Members Dr. Manoj Gupta (Panel Chair) Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO), Australian Department of Defence Mr. David Smart (Panel Co-Chair) Special Advisor COMD MARLANT Mr. Yoshihisa ENDO Exec. Dir. ReCAAP RADM (TUR N)Mustafa Zeki UĞURLU Chief of Communication and Information Systems, Turkish Naval Forces CDR (RUS N) Bushuev Oleg MaritimeOperationsPlanningOfficer, UN/Department of PeacekeepingOperations CJOS & CSW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE

3. Abstract • Maritime Security due to its transnational nature requires strong and structured international cooperation with the involvement of all maritime stakeholders. • Regional/interregional collaboration is the key to the international MS Cooperation. • Cooperative strategies and a conceptual framework is required to orchestrate the maritime security efforts. • A more effective network of global MS cooperation needs to be operationalized. CJOS & CSW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE

4. Key Points • Cooperation between maritime states does not need to be structured. • Regional and interregional cooperation occurs when there are common interests. • Common interests and intensity determine the nature and extent of the cooperation and relationship. • Although there are a number of excellent regional models, neither lend themselves to adoption at an international level. • However, regardless of the region there are common elements which include information sharing, cooperative arrangements, capacity building, and trust. • A “bottom-up” approach starting at the national level, followed by the linkage of sub-regional security arrangements, offers the greatest promise to achieving an international level of cooperation. CJOS & CSW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE

5. Key Points • Incentives: • Oceans are the foundation of the global system • Free flow of trade 70/ 80 /90 • Commonality • Disruptions in any part of the global system affect all stakeholders • Eg. Piracy or Tsunamis • Operational practices of Navies – although not standardized are highly similar • Capacity Building • All nations have a role & responsibility • Development of domestic capacities is a key enabler for co-operative arrangements • Does not have to be Navy to Navy • Building Trust • Start simple – phone calls – technology can assist • BUT must focus on “face-to-face” CJOS & CSW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE

6. Key Points • Information Sharing • Tiered approach/ model • 90% should be openly shared • Keep classified data to the minimum required to prosecute or respond • Change in culture to Need to Share from Need to Know • Best Practice • When building trust & capacity – start small & scale up • Focus on one or two key issues • “Just Do It” • Success & Difficulties • Legislation and agreements need to be implemented and enforced • Port State Control and ISPS CJOS & CSW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE

7. Issues and Concerns • How do we balance the commercial interests and ownership & crewing of vessels versus an effective maritime security response and effective law enforcement? • Levels of capabilities vary among states but the key is to create opportunities • There are a variety of different national approaches; safety, security and defense • Consequently, any framework or roadmap will have to accommodate a variety of national models • Political will and popular opinion are critical to maintaining co-operative arrangements • Maritime Security must exist at two levels. The most successful international co-operation is founded on a high degree of national co-ordination. CJOS & CSW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE

8. Recommendations • Examine the feasibility of continuing with those current commercial practices that create complications in determining ownership, registration, crewing, safeguarding and cargo • The primary area of focus for maritime security capacity building should be to strengthen national “policing” of territorial waters • An international body should have a role in facilitating the creation and adoption of standard operating procedures (SOPs) developed by engaged states. • Activities or measures that facilitate or increase information sharing, capacity building and trust, should be incorporated into cooperative security arrangements. • Examine mechanisms to create more effective implementation of Port State Control & ISPS • Consider alternate models for creating cooperative security arrangements such as a “community policing model” • Create mechanisms to share communications strategies for developing and maintaining political will & popular support CJOS & CSW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE

9. Action Items • Other maritime stakeholders (NGO, IGO, Non NATO, Non Military) and other related disciplines and practitioner’s need to be engaged in developing maritime security solutions. • MAJOR FOCUS: • Develop a workshop focussed on one maritime security issue, across all jurisdictions and regions CJOS & CSW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE