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Carbon Pathways through the Amazon River System: From Small Streams to the Outer Ocean Plume

Carbon Pathways through the Amazon River System: From Small Streams to the Outer Ocean Plume Jeffrey E Richey, Alex V Krusche, Erin E Ellis, Maria V Ballester, Mark S Johnson, Reynaldo L Victoria, Hilandia Brandao. 250. 200. Q (10 3 m 3 /s). Jun 2. 150.

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Carbon Pathways through the Amazon River System: From Small Streams to the Outer Ocean Plume

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  1. Carbon Pathways through the Amazon River System: From Small Streams to the Outer Ocean Plume Jeffrey E Richey, Alex V Krusche, Erin E Ellis, Maria V Ballester, Mark S Johnson, Reynaldo L Victoria, Hilandia Brandao

  2. 250 200 Q (103 m3/s) Jun 2 150 Outgassing ~ terrestrial sequestration 100 Oct 20 50 OBIDOS DOC (mg/l) 8 0 0 6 1 1 4 FSS (mg/l) 400 2 2 NO3 (M) 200 Soil CO2 (ppm) 20 3 3 Soil Depth (m) 10,000 10,000 -> Marajo +20% Q -30% seds? P, Fe, pCO2? 15 20,000 20,000 10 4 4 New production 30,000 30,000 5 40,000 40,000 5 5 50,000 50,000 60,000 60,000 6 6 70,000 70,000 pCO2 (M) 7 7 80,000 80,000 200 90,000 90,000 8 8 100 Jan-05 Jan-05 May-05 May-05 Sep-05 Sep-05 Jan-06 Jan-06 May-06 May-06 How do downstream trajectories of a water parcel (sediments, POM and (C)DOM, ∑DIC, chlorophyll, N, P, Fe, PPr & R) evolve from terrestrial and in situ sources to the River End Member (REM), under different driver regimes? How do you observe and model it? How is that REM signal translated through lower rivers, deltas, and estuaries to 0 o/oo? What is the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the marine fate and impacts of these inputs, including changes in acidity and sea level rise? What sustains the big plumes?(Are plumes C sinks, while river networks are sources?)

  3. Madeira (PV) Jip-1 (JP) 40 COM 2 Jip-2 (Tab) 5 PB-2 30 4 Urupa Q (103 m3/s) 20 3 2 10 1 4 4 4 3 pCO2(103 uatm) 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 7.5 M J J J M M M S S S J J J M M M S S S J J J M M M S S S J J J M M M S S S 7.5 7.5 2004 2004 2004 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2005 2005 2005 6.5 J pH 6.5 6.5 5.5 P,C 5.5 5.5 15 15 15 9 DOC (mg/l) 9 9 3 3 3 Space-Time Variance in pCO2 (relative to Q, pH, DOC) M J CPU Rede Beija Rio in prep

  4. The δ13C of bulk size fractions, outgassed CO2 and respired CO2. -40.0 CPOC FPOC DOC, CO2 respired CO2outgassed -35.0 -30.0 del 13C -25.0 -20.0 -15.0 -10.0 BB Negro Cat Hum Sol Acre Pur

  5. Atmospheric Precipitation N deposition Vegetation N fixation Population S oil Septic inputs Geology Channel network “MECHANISTIC” WATERSHED MODEL: D-SEM N &C Interpolation, process ID, future scenarios

  6. Basins Vegetation Soils Rivers

  7. Mission Creek

  8. Amazon River enhances diazotrophy and carbon sequestration in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean Subramaniam et al 2008. PNAS

  9. Maps showing locations for N2 fixation and DIC drawdown

  10. The sinking of carbon fixed by diazotrophs in the plume sequesters 15Tg/y of C, in addition to the sequestration of 7 Tg/y of the new production supported by NO3 delivered by the river.

  11. Tropical Continuum: River side is a source of CO2 to the atmosphere, and a source of nutrients to the ocean Plume side is a sink of CO2 from the atmosphere, supported by nutrients from the river Modified from McKee

  12. New Working Hypothesis for Land to Plume • * Net river inputs of ~35 Tg/y OC ~ balanced by the subsequent processing of these materials in the sea. = • 7 Tg C y-1 in coastal sequestration (driven directly by river N) + 15 Tg C y-1 sequestered in the outer plume (driven by river-supplied P, S, and Fe, while N is supplied primarily via N-fixation) and 13 Tg y-1 of CO2 produced through photo-oxidation of riverine DOC.  • * A dynamic equilibrium exists between the river and ocean across the Amazon continuum:

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