The History of Chinese, African, South American and European Art

1. By: Laura Cavens and Tricia Prewitt The History of Chinese, African, South American and European Art

2. Chinese Art • Alters • Ritual Vessels • Jade • Dragons • Imperial Seals • Clothing • Religious “There is no such thing as art for art’s sake.” • Mao

3. Alters • Used for sacrifices during the Zhou dynasty • Came with equipment • Alter of Soil and Grain • Deity: Lord Millet • 4 colors: Red=south, White=west, Black=north, Yellow=east

4. Zhou Dynasty Altar Table

5. Ritual Vessels • Yi is placed in the pan • Yi holds the ritual water

6. Jade Bi • Han dynasty • Enhance position of emperor-Son of Heaven • Heaven, Earth, and 4 cardinal directions • Heaven is a circle • Blue represents Heaven • Yellow represents Earth • Green represents East • Red represents South • White represents West • Black represents North

7. Jade Bi continued • The “5 agents” control the natural order • Seasons, natural materials, times, directions, and color • Dragons used on disks, means it belonged to the emperor • Jade was suppose to have potent magic, and aesthetic satisfaction • Jade belts also showed rank

8. Han Dynasty Jade bi • An emperor owned it • dragons

9. Jade Burial Suits • Han dynasty • Protect mortal remains from decay and helps achieve the after life • Emperors’ suits were sewn with gold thread • Princes’ suits were sewn with silver thread

10. Jade Burial Suit

11. Clothing • The quality of a courtier’s attire showed the social rank and status of the weaver • Emperor’s clothes • The last link between Heaven and Earth • Yellow is the imperial color • Manchu style • Established the roles and virtues of the Son of Heaven

12. The emperor’s Dragon Robe

13. Clothing continued • Military and Civil Service Ranks • The Ming dynasty started it • The symbols for the Civil Service are birds • The symbols for the Military ranks are animals • The 7th/8th rank of both is a rhino

14. Qing Civil Service and Military Rank

15. Religion • Buddhism • The Tang emperors supported • The height of the statues show how preoccupied the emperors were with Buddhism • The temples how the most art

16. Ceramics/Lacquer ware • Ceramics matured over dynasties • Lacquer ware was the most precious of goods to own

17. Protect the First Emperor in the afterlife.

18. Phoenix means good luck

19. Tang Yin • Scholar class • Verses on painting • Painted on paper or silk

20. South American Art

21. Olmec Art • Basalt symbolizes the Earth’s fiery power • Used to make thrones and colossal heads • Jade symbolizes water • Jaguars, eagles, serpents are gods • Craved into green stone • Olmec rulers shown with gods • Religious

23. Nazca Art • Giant desert picture • Miles wide • Pottery, textiles most important type of art • Many art forms of the Cat god

24. Maya Art • Their pyramids have 9 levels symbolizing the 9 levels of the underworld

25. Toltec Art • Shows aggressive nature of animals • Shows empire’s military demeanor

26. Aztec Art • Started to do art in 3-D • Royal portraits were rare before the European conquest • Few portraits with hieroglyphs placed near the rulers head to ID

27. Inca Art • Gold and silver are sacred • The ruler wears a symbolic color so he is connected with the gods • Rulers are divine, born of the Sun god • Inca nobles wore pectorals

28. The New World • Moorish art traditions • Reconquest architecture style • European book illustration • Italian Renaissance • 1st oil paintings appear

29. Cult of Guadalupe • Mexican cult • Virgin of Guadalupe • Christianity and Aztec religious beliefs mixing • The Virgin Mary showed up a Tepeyac, which is sacred to the Aztec Earth-mother goddess Tonantzin • Shown on Diego’s Indian fiber coat • Church built at Tepeyac

30. From the church at Tepeyac

31. Mannerist Art • Copied designs • Politicians use European artists • Baltasar de Echave Orio • Mexican artist

32. Baroque Art • Sebastian Lopez de Arteaga • 1610-1653 • Church officials want baroque art • Cristobal de Villalpando • Mexico City’s Cathedral • Puebla Cathedral

34. Rococo Art • French • Ouro Preto • Church

35. Romantic Art • Jose Maria Estrada • Art’s revolt against ridged art “rules” • Representing picturesque

36. Modernismo • Adopted Cubism, Impressionism, Symbolism, Naturalism, Art Nouveau • Saturnino Herran (1887-1918) • Politically against the Academic Realism • Dr. Atl: held an art show against the government's art show • Diego Rivera • 1886-1957 • Cubist

37. Dr. Atl’s painting

38. Mural Paintings • The government sponsor • National Preparatory School for Boys in Mexico City • Diego Rivera • Jose Clemente Orozco (1883-1949) • David Alfaro Siqueiros • communist

39. Diego Rivera

40. African art

41. Shamanism • The belief that humans can turn into animals. • Only important people like priests, or shamans

42. Prestige objects • Used only by the king and his family. • Show that the king was powerful and wealthy and could control artists.

43. Queen mother • Most important women in Benin. • The mother had a cast head that was made in brass.

44. Ivory salt cellars • Ivory was traded. • One of the things made by the Africans was the salt cellars. • it was made from sherbo ivory. • It came from the west African coast and it was made by the sherbo people.

45. Fetish figures • Objects thought to have magical powers. • Called onto by owners to protect or help hunt enemies. • The people of Kongo state had the idea of adding nails to the Fetish figures after seeing the Christians add nails to Christ.

46. Divination • The way certain people tell the future by using “magical powers”. • They use a special tool in order to communicate with gods.

47. Kuba • Giving the king a crested eagle is a good thing because it signifies power.

48. Afro-Brazilian architecture • The Afro-Brazilian architecture was derived from the Portuguese - Brazilian style. • Slaves brought the style with them when they returned to Nigeria in the late 19th century. • The houses are very decorated.

49. Body Art • In Africa some societies art is put on bodies. • The marks are to show how high of ranking a women is.

50. Carnivals • Art was used in costumes to celebrate an event that was happening.