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Candidates should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

Candidates should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of: - the issues surrounding sexual ethics – premarital and extramarital sex, contraception, homosexuality; - the application and the different approaches of the ethical theories listed above to sexual ethics.

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Candidates should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

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  1. Candidates should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of: - the issues surrounding sexual ethics – premarital and extramarital sex, contraception, homosexuality; - the application and the different approaches of the ethical theories listed above to sexual ethics. Candidates should be able to discuss these areas critically.

  2. What questions would the different ethical theories ask of issues of sex and relationships?

  3. There are three basic positions that can be taken on sexual behaviour: • 1. It’s an animal act that human beings have complicated with all sorts of taboos and rituals • 2. It’s a social interaction with particularly significant consequences (emotional involvement, pregnancy, disease) and guided by the norms and values of society • 3. It’s a spiritual act with an ontological significance that goes way beyond the feelings or motives of the two people involved.

  4. The Evolutionary View • Sexual behaviour is something we share in common with other animals. • Certain sexual arrangements have ‘survival value’ in how they lead to healthy children and stable societies. • Sexual ethics should be regarded as a set of taboos imprinted on us from an early age. • They may have (or have had in the past) some societal benefit. • Religions often act to maintain and promulgate these taboos. • Some welcome living in a secular society giving us the freedom to develop new sexual ethics that will have future survival value.

  5. Social Anthropological View • Our sexual ethics are shaped by the wider societal situation – see differing views on polygamy. • The rights and wrongs of sexual behaviour are based entirely on the structure of the society in which the behaviour takes place – a type of cultural relativism.

  6. The Religious View • Sees sexual behaviour in a religious context • Some ancient religions took a dualist view of humans – sex a purely physical act • The Romans believed in a god called Genius who was supposed to supervise the marital bed and ensure procreation. • Many other religions have fertility gods and goddesses

  7. Should sex be saved for marriage? • If yes then what attitude should be taken towards pre-marital and extra-marital sex? • Are pre-marital and extra-marital sex ethically equal?

  8. Fundamentals of a Biblical perspective on Sex 24 For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh. Therefore sex should be: - Between a married man and woman.

  9. Traditional Jewish thought • Sexual intercourse as inseparable from marriage – the contract of marriage regulated the issue of inheritance, a man needed to know that his children were his to pass on his birth-right. • The Torah places adultery with theft and after murder as a serious offence (adultery is like the theft of a wife by another man). • The wife seen as the property of the husband.

  10. Developments in Paul • Paul urges Christians to regard the body as a beautiful gift of God: • The body is meant not for fornication but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body…. Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? • The idea of the body goes beyond just the physical but as representative of the entire person. • Paul reinforces the importance of marriage – sex outside of marriage is regarded as wrong. • The human is designed to reveal God’s nature and not to become affected by sexual lust.

  11. Modern Christian Thought • The emphasis on love of modern liberal theologyfreed sexual relationships from what was seen as the straitjacket of marriage. Increasingly marriage was seen as a bonus rather than a necessity. Leads to a permissive attitude to sex outside of marriage. • Reflects broader attitudes of equality between men and women. • Cox suggests that in a world of fluid relationships that extra-marital sex is inevitable. • ConservativeChristiansreassert the importance of contractual relationships is also valued highly. • Modern Roman Catholicism also stresses the importance of virginity before marriage, though recognising human weakness. • Organisations such as True Love Waits or the Silver Ring Thing have encouraged through education initiatives for young people to reconsider the possibility of saving sex for marriage.

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