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Solutions

Solutions. Homogeneous Solutions. Vocabulary. Aqueous solution: water that contains dissolved substances Solute: substance being dissolved Solvent : dissolving agent-usually present in larger amount Solution: homogeneous mixture. The Solution Process.

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions Homogeneous Solutions

  2. Vocabulary • Aqueoussolution:water that contains dissolved substances • Solute:substance being dissolved • Solvent: dissolving agent-usually present in larger amount • Solution:homogeneous mixture

  3. The Solution Process 1. Solvation: The process by which the solute ions break away from the crystal and become surrounded by solvent molecules as the ionic crystal dissolves.   Ionic Solid NaCl(s)  Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) CuCl2(s)  Cu2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq) CaSO4(s)  Ca2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) BaBr2(s)  Ba2+ (aq) + 2Br- (aq) K2SO4(s) 2K+ (aq) + SO42-(aq) http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/171solublesalts.html

  4. Electrolyte: A substance that conducts in an aqueous solution Non-electrolyte: A substance that does not conduct Strong electrolyte: a substance that conducts well Weak electrolyte: a substance that conducts poorly

  5. Solubility Curves Vocabulary: • Saturated: solvent is holding the maximum amount of solute = equilibrium • Unsaturated: solvent is holding less than the maximum amount of solute • Supersaturated: solvent contains more solute that it should = unstable • Solubility: grams of solute per 100g solvent that will dissolve in solvent • Soluble: solute readily dissolves • Insoluble: solute does not dissolve appreciably • Solubility Curve: graph of solubility versus temperature • Miscible: capable of dissolving to form a homogeneous solution • Immiscible: incapable of dissolving • http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/106Amixture.html

  6. Solubility Relationships 1. Solubility of an ionic solid http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/ucl views/0803/salt500

  7. 2. Solubility of a gas

  8. Demonstration: Supersaturated Solution 1. What was added to the test tube? Sodium Thiosulfate Na2S2O3.5H2O 2. How was the solubility of the solution increased? by heating the solution 3. What happened when a crystal was added to the saturated solution after cooling? What type of solution was created? • The solution could not hold that much dissolved solid and it precipitated out • Supersaturated Solution

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