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1. How many total electrons are in a neutral atom of Sulfur ?

Warm -up: Bohr’s Electron Model. 1. How many total electrons are in a neutral atom of Sulfur ? 2. How many electrons are in sulfur’s highest energy level ( it’s most outer shell )(HINT: use the picture to the right )?.

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1. How many total electrons are in a neutral atom of Sulfur ?

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  1. Warm-up: Bohr’sElectronModel 1. Howmany total electrons are in a neutral atom of Sulfur? 2. Howmanyelectrons are in sulfur’shighestenergylevel (it’smostoutershell)(HINT: use thepicturetotheright)? 3. How many electrons does sulfur need to gain or lose in order to have 8 valence electrons (electrons in the outermost shell)?

  2. Recap: Bohr’s Electron Model Bohr developedanatomicmodel in whichtheelectrons are arranged in specificenergylevels. Thelowestlevel(n=1) islocatedclosesttothenucleus. Thehighestlevelislocatedfartherawayfromthenucleus.

  3. Recap: Bohr’s Electron Model *Theelectrons in thehighestenergylevelforanyelement are known as valence electrons.* Valenceelectrons are whatcause reactions and formbonds in substances. Bonding and Valence Electrons Video Clip

  4. Valence Electrons: Valence Electrons are the electrons in the __highest___ energy level. The energy levels below have the ___maximum___ number of electrons allowed.

  5. Valence Electrons: The number of electrons in the outer level can be found by looking at the ___group____ __number____ located above the column where the element is __located___. Examples: Mg= Group _2__ A so it has __2__ valence electrons. Pb= Group _4__ A so it has ___4__ valence electrons.

  6. Valence Electrons the Quick and Easy Way 13 3A 5 B Boron Use the group number! 13 Al Aluminum 31 Ga Gallium All of the elements in Group 13 or IIIA will have three valence electrons.

  7. Valence Electrons the Quick and Easy Way Determine the number of valence electrons. • Phosphorus • Argon • Lead • Barium 5 valence electrons 8 valence electrons 4 valence electrons 2 valence electrons

  8. Exceptions • Only works for • Group A Elements • (the Representative • Elements) • s and p-blocks ONLY • Helium  two valence electrons

  9. Label the Valence Electrons for each Column on the Periodic Table Label the Valence Electrons for each Column on the Periodic Table

  10. Check for Understanding • How many valence electrons does Ne have? • How many valence electrons does oxygen have? • What is the element name for Cu?

  11. Check for Understanding • How many valence electrons does Ne have? 8 • How many valence electrons does oxygen have? • What is the element name for Cu?

  12. Check for Understanding • How many valence electrons does Ne have? 8 • How many valence electrons does oxygen have? 6 • What is the element name for Cu?

  13. Check for Understanding • How many valence electrons does Ne have? 8 • How many valence electrons does oxygen have? 6 • What is the element name for Cu? Copper

  14. Lewis Dot Diagrams Element Symbol One Dot for Each Valence Electron

  15. How Are the Dots Arranged? 4 8 X 7 1 3 5 6 2 Go around the clock in singles, then start pairing up around the clock! Electrons donot pair up until they are forced to!!!

  16. Example Dot Diagrams Draw the dot diagrams for each of the following elements. • Helium • Carbon • Fluorine • Neon He F Ne C

  17. Draw the Lewis dot diagram for lithium, sodium, and potassium. The arrangement of electrons helps explains the world around us. In this case, all of the Group 1 elements have similar electron configurations, and therefore, have similar chemical properties. Alkali Metals in Water

  18. TheOctet Rule Allatomswouldbe more stablewith a complete outershelland are willingtogive up, steal, or share electrons in ordertomaketheiroutershell a complete one. Normally, thismeanshaving8 electronsin theoutershell (hencethename “octet rule”) NOTE: Thefirst 5 elements are happywith 2 electronsto complete theiroutershell.

  19. Example Dot Diagrams State how many electrons each atom would need to gain or lose to have its outer shell a complete one. Indicate the their charges. • Helium, 0 (full) • Carbon, +/-4 • Fluorine, -1 • Neon, 0 (full) He F Ne C

  20. Draw the Lewis Dot Diagrams and determine the charge of the most common ion for the following elements: SodiumMagnesiumAluminum Silicon PhosphorusSulfur ChlorineArgon

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