Psychopathology O nline Quiz

1. 0 Psychopathology Online Quiz

2. A History of Mental Illness and Its Treatment • mice. • oranges. • Santa Claus. • demons. The earliest view of abnormal behavior was that people were possessed by:

3. Until 18th century, the majority of Europeans believed that evil spirits were the cause of deviancy. Treatments: Elaborate prayer rites Loud noise Flogging Terrible tasting brews …to drive the evil spirit out of the body

4. Occasionally, throughout history, some people have argued that mental illness is caused by the same factors as other diseases… Not that those causes were well-understood! Hippocrates – “The father of modern medicine,” Greek physician (460 – 370 BC) Blood Black bile Yellow bile Phlegm

5. During the 16th century, Johann Weyer said… “Many, if not all, witches were sick mentally or physically or both.” He argued that the witch hunts that were prevalent during his time were barbaric and should not be perpetuated by the Church and government.

6. For the most part, demonology persisted as an explanation of mental illness until the 18th century in Europe. But, we cannot assume that the inclusion of mental illness in the domain of medicine immediately resulted in the humane and effective treatments. Benjamin Rush practiced medicine in the U. S. during the early 19th century…

7. A primary figure in the movement for the humane treatment of the mentally ill… Phillippe Pinel La Bicetre, 1793 The mentally ill are disturbed by severe personal and social problems and thus they should be treated with compassion and understanding… as individual human beings with dignity.

8. The first attempt to distinguish between types of mental illness (i.e., to label and diagnose specific types of psychiatric disturbances): Emil Kraeplin’s (1883) “Textbook of Psychiatry” Provided the basis of our current diagnostic system Symptoms vs. Syndromes

9. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) • Provides specific criteria for diagnosis • Avoids speculation re. causes and • preferred treatments The DSM is dynamic and changing!!! neurosis vs. psychosis homosexuality removed in 1973

10. 0 Etiology = the search for causes The Diathesis-Stress Model (think back to Nature vs. Nurture)

11. 0 Why is the DSM useful? • Short-hand communication • Predictions re. diagnoses • Determination of effective treatments It permits research! How could the DSM be harmful? • Naming is NOT equal to understanding • Labels are stigmatizing • Diagnoses can lead to self-fulfilling • prophecies

12. Final Exam: Wed., Dec 16 at 11:30am Bring a #2 pencil and do NOT arrive late! Stephanie Marshall’s students: Ranger 103 Amanda Dyl’s sudents: Kirk Auditorium Trudy-Ann Gayle’s students: Quinn Auditorium Students of Aviva Moster & Chrislyn Nefas: Edwards Auditorium balcony Students of John Moore & Monica Nanda: Edwards Auditorium lower level

13. Psychiatric diagnoses: A few of many! Anxiety Disorders 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2. Simple Phobia 3. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Somatoform Disorders 1. Hypochondriasis 2. Conversion Disorder Dissociative Disorders 1. Amnesia 2. Fugue 3. Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly, MPD) Major Affective Disorders 1. Major Depression 2. Bipolar Disorder The Schizophrenias

14. 0 The Anxiety Disorders • Generalized Anxiety Disorder • a. “free-floating anxiety” • (fear is not specific to any • object or situation) b. panic attacks or episodes of acute terror that last a few seconds or a few hours

15. 0 The Anxiety Disorders 2. Specific Phobia (anxiety is specific to some object or situation) • There are 2 criteria: • avoidance • complications in daily life due to avoidance For Psy113: Know Agoraphobia & Xenophobia

16. 0 The Anxiety Disorders 3. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder obsessions = cause distress or anxiety compulsions = relieve distress or anxiety

17. 0 Which of the following is NOT an Anxiety Disorder? • Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Hypochondriasis • Specific Phobia • Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

18. 0 The Somatoform Disorders 1. Hypochondriasis Condition in which illness becomes a way of life… Usually, no physical symptoms other than pain

19. 0 The Somatoform Disorders 2. Conversion Disorder Once called “hysterical neurosis” A sensory or motor impairment without organic cause Difficult to distinguish from malingering, yet conversion: a. willing to talk about symptoms in detail b. describe symptoms dramatically without seeming to be disturbed by them

20. 0 Which of the following is a Somatoform Disorder? • Bipolar Disorder • Hypochondriasis • 3. Schizophrenia • 4. Fugue

21. 0 The Affective Disorders • 1. Major Depression • sad, slow-moving, full of guilt • apathetic • socially withdrawn… • Decreased levels of Serotonin and • Norepineprine in some parts of • the brain

22. 0 The Affective Disorders 2. Bipolar Disorder Alternating episodes of depression and mania • Mania is characterized by: • exuberant, unrealistic activity • feelings of elation and self-confidence • interference from others can lead to intense anger • speech & thought processes speeded up • flit from topic to topic • restless & hyperactive

23. 0 The Affective Disorders 2. Bipolar Disorder Alternating episodes of depression and mania A few patients exhibit only mania, yet it is assumed to be bipolar even if depression has not yet been observed. Mood swings may involve several days or weeks… Daily mood swings are rare.

24. 0 Which of the following is a Major Affective Disorder? • Bipolar Disorder • Hypochondriasis • Specific Phobia • Fugue

25. 0 The Dissociative Disorders (dissociative = “splitting,” e.g., identity from memory) 1. Amnesia Individual forgets her/his past experiences • Psychogenic amnesia usually follows • some traumatic event • appears suddenly • seems selective

26. 0 The Dissociative Disorders (dissociative = “splitting,” e.g., identity from memory) 2. Fugue = “Flight” Individual leaves and may start a new life elsewhere

27. 0 The Dissociative Disorders 3. Dissociative Identity Disorder existence within an individual of more than one distinct personality, each of which is dominant at a particular time Once called: Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD)

28. Which of the following is a Dissociative Disorder? • Bipolar Disorder • Hypochondriasis • 3. Schizophrenia • 4. Amnesia

29. The Schizophrenias The most common type of “psychosis” or thought disorder Bleuler coined the term in 1911 because he assumed the disorder involved splitting of thoughts from emotion

30. The Schizophrenias Symptomology: 1. thought disorders or difficulty arranging thoughts logically 2. delusions or false beliefs e.g., grandeur, persecution, control 3. hallucinations or perceptions of stimuli that are not actually present e.g., auditory, visual, odor, tactile 4. emotional disturbances Increased levels of Dopamine in some parts of the brain

31. Psychiatric diagnoses: A few of many! Anxiety Disorders 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2. Simple Phobia 3. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Somatoform Disorders 1. Hypochondriasis 2. Conversion Disorder Dissociative Disorders 1. Amnesia 2. Fugue 3. Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly, MPD) Major Affective Disorders 1. Major Depression 2. Bipolar Disorder The Schizophrenias