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Banana

Banana. Milestone Of Development (Grandnaine). Bunch Characters. Bunch weight - 30 -35 Kg No. of hands – 10-12. No. of fingers /hand – 12 -15 Wt. of fingers – 130 -150 g. Climate and Soil Rainfall – 200 -250 cm Optimum temp. 27 o C, below 21 o C growth is affected

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Banana

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  1. Banana Dr. Alexander's notes

  2. Milestone Of Development (Grandnaine) • Bunch Characters • Bunch weight - 30 -35 Kg • No. of hands – 10-12 • No. of fingers /hand – 12 -15 • Wt. of fingers – 130 -150 g Dr. Alexander's notes

  3. Climate and Soil • Rainfall – 200 -250 cm • Optimum temp. 27o C, below 21o C growth is affected • Elevation 1000 m – At higher elevation (1200 m) growth is prolonged • Strong wind exceeding 40 km/hr brings considerable losses • Prefer well drained fertile soil with assured moisture • PH5.8 – 6.5 Dr. Alexander's notes

  4. Season • Rainfed – April – May • Irrigated- Aug. – Sept. • Avoid • At planting – heavy rain, severe summer • At bunch emergence – high temperature, drought Dr. Alexander's notes

  5. Varieties • Nendran - Chengalikodan, Bigabanga • Table varieties - Robusta, Grandnaine, • Njalipoovan, Palayankodan • Culinary - Monthan, Batheesa • Inter cropping - Njalipoovan, Robusta, Bigabanga • High ranges – BodlessAltafort Dr. Alexander's notes

  6. Selection of suckers-Standard • 3-4 m – Sword suckers, Wt. 0.75 -1.0 Kg, • Ht . – 30 -40 cm • No. of leaves –3 to 5 • Spacing • VarietySpacingNo. of plants /ha • Poovan 2.1 x 2.1 m 2260 • Robusta 2.4 x 1.8m 2310 • Grandnaine 2.4 x 1.8m 2310 Dr. Alexander's notes

  7. Sword sucker • Thicker base gradually tappering to tip • Water suckers are shorter with broad leaves • Planting • Pit size 50x50x50 cm • Low lying areas – mounds • Press the soil around suckers to avoid hollow air spaces • Manuring • Organic manure – Vermicompost (5 Kg) • CM or Green leaves @ 10 kg/plant at planting Dr. Alexander's notes

  8. Fertilizers • High demand for N, K • N, P2O5and K2O (g/pt/yr) • Nendran - 190 : 115 : 300 • Other Varieties - 160 : 160 :320 • 1 Plant crop and 2 ratoons are raised except for Nendran • Retain 1-2 sucker for ratoon • Method of application – 40 -70 cm around plant in two splits • First 2 months and Second 4 months after planting • More splits ensure availability and reduce losses • 6 Splits for Nendran – 1,2,3,4,5 months after planting and just after bunch emergence • Ratoon - fertilizers given as a single dose after harvest Dr. Alexander's notes

  9. Nutrient spraying • 3% Potassium Sulphate spray mixed with Sandovit/ Apsa @0.5 ml/L increases plumbiness of fingers • Irrigation and drainage • Very sensitive to water deficiency. Affects length of fingers, greeness of leaves • For early planted rainfed banana, give pot irrigation @ 10 L/pt with mulching • Summer – irrigate once in 3 days, 45 L/pt, 6-10 irrigations/crop • Ensure good drainage and prevent water logging • 20-30 cm deep drain for 2-3 rows Dr. Alexander's notes

  10. Mulching • 3.5 Kg waste straw or 5 Kg dry leaves – increases interval of irrigation • Weed Control • Maintain weed free for the 1st 6 months • Raising Cow pea in the early stages controls weed growth • Slashing/Hand weeding – 4 -5 times • Pre-emergent – diuron 1.5 kg/ha • Oxyfluorfin - 0.2 kg/ha or Gramaxone/Glyphosate • Do not disturb the base after bunch emergence Dr. Alexander's notes

  11. Desuckering • Control growth of suckers till bunch emergence • Retain one or two suckers • Propping - At 6-7 months -Nendran highly prone to wind • Removal of bud – Enhances maturity, improves finger size • Covering bunch – Covering half matured bunches is good Dr. Alexander's notes

  12. Plant protection • Pseudostem weevil • Attack 5- 5 ½ months after planting • Grub feed on pseudostem • Field sanitation and burning affected parts • Swabingpseudostem with sevin 4g/h, filling leaf axils or Chlorpyrifos , 3ml /L • Repeat 3 weeks after 1st application Dr. Alexander's notes

  13. Plant protection • Rhizome weevil • Grubs feed rhizome of young plants resulting in stunting • Mature plant – reduction in leaf no, bunch size and fruit no. • Black ring when pseudostem is cut • Field sanitation to be followed • Select only healthy suckers for new planting Dr. Alexander's notes

  14. Pare suckers –removal of outer layer • Smear with cowdung and ash slurry and sun dry for 3-4 days • Apply Carbofuran @ 20g/Pt • Leaf eating Caterpillar • Spray Ekalux 2ml/L on both sides of leaves Dr. Alexander's notes

  15. Mealy bug • Lime application reduces attack • Drench hostathion 1.5 ml/L, Chloripyriphos 2.5 ml/L @ 3-5 L/Pt • Nematode • Burrowing and root knot Nematode • Reduction of leaves, bunch weight, No. of fruits • Pare rhizome, apply neemcake @ 1kg/Pt or Carbofuran – 20 g/Pt Dr. Alexander's notes

  16. Diseases Sigatoka leaf spot Cordana leaf spot Dr. Alexander's notes

  17. Diseases • Sigatoka leaf spot • RH more than 80% , temperature 21-25 OC favour the development of pale yellow or dark brown spots • The disease appears with commencement of S.W.Monsoon • Lowest leaves are affected • Cut and burn severely affected leaves • Spray any of the fungicide soon after the appearance of the disease at fornightly interval • BM 1% , Bavistin 1 g or Calyxin 2 ml or Dithane M- 45 3 g/L Dr. Alexander's notes

  18. Panama Wilt • Stem splitting, severe yellowing of leaves, pinkish discolouration of pseudostem when cut • Dip suckers of succeptible varieties in 0.1 – 0.2 % bavistin • Drench the base with bavistin 2g/L and spray 1 g/L • Lime application 1 kg/pt • Robusta, Nendran and Palayankodan are resistant • Kokkan disease • Affect Nendran, poovan and palayankodan • Pinkish streaks on the pseudostem • Necrotic streaks on all parts except leaves • Result in small bunches , and curved fingers Dr. Alexander's notes

  19. When young plants show symptom, uproot and destroy • Suckers should not be taken from affected plants • Infectious Chlorosis • This is a virus disease transmitted by aphids • Appearance of Chlorotic Streaks • Leaves emerge distorted, lamina reduced in width • Eradicate disease affected plants • Use disease free suckers Dr. Alexander's notes

  20. banana calender.doc THANK YOU Dr. Alexander's notes

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