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The Public Health Campaign to Reduce Tobacco Use

The Public Health Campaign to Reduce Tobacco Use. Monsters of Public Health. Image: http://www.notobacco.org/photos/large/photo05.jpg. Overview. History of anti-tobacco efforts Key public health interventions Design of effective programs . Why People Started Smoking .

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The Public Health Campaign to Reduce Tobacco Use

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  1. The Public Health Campaign to Reduce Tobacco Use Monsters of Public Health Image: http://www.notobacco.org/photos/large/photo05.jpg

  2. Overview • History of anti-tobacco efforts • Key public health interventions • Design of effective programs

  3. Why People Started Smoking • Harmful effects of smoking unknown • Smoking was an individual freedom/right Image: http://www.simplyantiaging.com/wp-content/uploads/audrey_hepburn.gif

  4. How the Battle Began • 1964 Surgeon General’s Report linked smoking to: • lung cancer • chronic bronchitis • cancer of the mouth and larynx • Harmful effects for pregnant women • Carcinogenic effects of second hand smoke

  5. Regulatory Restrictions • Fairness Doctrine • Public service announcements • Ban on radio and TV advertising • Restrictions placed on public smoking • Clean indoor air movement

  6. The Disturbing Facts • Smoking: leading cause of preventable death • 25% of cancer deaths are lung cancer • 85% of lung cancers due to smoking • 400,000 children exposed at home • 1.5 million North Carolinians smoke • 11,000 will die as a result

  7. The Disturbing Facts • Two million new smokers “needed” • 91% of 6 year-olds recognized Joe Camel • Mickey Mouse had equal recognition Image: http://www.costkids.org/targetingkids/magazineads.htm

  8. Strategic Focus Image: http://www.thecommunityguide.org • Preventing new smokers • Encouraging smokers to quit • Protecting nonsmokers from effects of tobacco

  9. Evidence Based Strategies • Media campaigns • Education • Marketing and distribution restrictions • Smoking bans • Cessation programs • Economic disincentives

  10. Media Campaigns • Work s well when combined with other interventions • Truth campaign • Targeted at youth • Creates negative attitude towards tobacco • Brief, recurring messages most effective • Use of electronic media

  11. School–Based Education • “Science” of dangers of smoking • Links to cancer and heart disease • Nicotine addiction • Harmful effects of second hand smoke • School nurse referrals • Continuity of programs • Increase initiation age to 14 years

  12. Provider Based Education • Provider reminder system • Identify smokers • Deliver advice to quit • Provider Education • Patient Education • Self-help cessation materials • Quit line assess

  13. Community mobilization recommended for access restrictions Must be 18 to buy tobacco in NC No “free samples” NC Red Flag Campaign Unrestricted Internet purchase Marketing and Distribution Image: http://www.nccrimecontrol.org

  14. Smoking Bans • Uses laws, policies, regulations • Reduction in environmental smoke by 72% • Promotes view of smoking as unacceptable behavior • Makes smoking “less convenient”

  15. Cessation Programs • Telephone quit lines combined with: • Education • Medical therapies • Insurance coverage for quitting aids • Medications such as gum, patches • Counseling services • Long term benefits of quitting

  16. Target Your Messages • Schools: • Regulate and educate children and teens • Workplaces: • Support adult workers • Health Sector: • Counsel clients and educate the community

  17. Economic Disincentives • Increased taxes on cigarettes • NC saw 18% decrease in smoking • Youth, minorities, poor hit hardest • Funds used towards prevention programs Image: ttp://www.pixelmarx.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/smoking-in-the-name-of-kids.jpg

  18. Redesign Your Campaign • Find key resources/use existing tools • Identify target audience (s) • Identify program gaps and needs • Customize interventions to your local context • Establish baseline levels; schedule monitoring activities

  19. Engage the Community • Identify behaviors you want to influence • Design media campaign • Mass media (TV, radio, print) • Targeted audiences (teenagers, health workers) • Promote behaviors and available resources

  20. Turning Strategies into Effective Programs • Redesign your campaign • Engage the community • Target your messages • Secure political support • Measure your impact Image: http://www.drug.uz/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/cessation-of-smoking.jpg

  21. Secure Political Support • Engage public health and local leaders: • School teachers, church leaders, community organizers • Platform of entry to target audiences • Gain support of politicians: • City mayor and county board of supervisors • Gives legal coverage for smoking bans

  22. Measure Your Impact • Gather baseline data • Set intermediate targets and end goals • Track progress • Use data to measure effectiveness • Be willing to adjust accordingly • Correct any problems as you go

  23. What We Know… • Smoking associated with lung / oral cancer • Lifetime smokers began in their teens • Multiple interventions needed to break addiction • Target youth, non-smokers, and smokers Image: http://www.smoke-free.ca/warnings/warningsimages/Hongkong/lungcancer-english.jpg

  24. Image: http://www.notobacco.org/photos/large/photo07.gif

  25. Monsters of Public HealthKathy Abode, Megan Fotheringham, Rob Lamme, Michelle Robinson, Christina Sweet, Angie Wood References: 1. American Lung Association, Benefits of Quitting. Retrieved December 1, 2008 from http://www.lungusa.org 2. The Community Guide, Tobacco Product Use. Retrieved November 21.2008 from http://www.thecommunityguide.org/

  26. 3. Current Trends Smoking and Cancer. Retrieved December 6, 2008 from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000206.htm 4. The NC Department of Crime Control and Public Safety. Retrieved December 7, 2008 from www.nccrimecontrol.org 5. The NC Department of Health and Human Services. NC Tobacco Prevention and Control: Recent Key Accomplishments. Retrieved December 10, 2008 from http://www.dhhs.state.nc.us/pressrel/11-21-06.htm

  27. 6. McGahee, T.W.; Tingen, MS. The Effects of a Smoking. Prevention Curriculum on Fifth-Grade Children’s Attitudes ,Subjective Norms and Refusal Skills, Southern Online Journal of Nursing Research, Issue 2, Vol. 1,2000. Retrieved December 5, 2008 from http://www.snrs.org/publications/SOJNR_articles/iss02vol01.PDF 7. Strategies for Reducing Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Increasing Tobacco-use Cessation, and Reducing Initiation in Communities and Healthcare Systems, MMWR Nov 10,2000 /49(RR12);1-11 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4912a1.htm

  28. 8. “Tobacco – Public Health Enemy Number One. Introduction • to Public Health. Mary – Jane Schneider, Jones and • Bartlett, Sudbury, MA 2006, pp. 249 – 268 • The Toll of Tobacco. Retrieved December 4, 2008 from tp://www.tobaccofreekids.org/reports/settlements/toll.php?StateID=NC • 10. US Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General (1980)Health Consequences of Smoking for Women: A Report of the Surgeon General. Retrieved December 6, 2008 from http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/B/R/T/_/

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