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Warm Up:

Warm Up:. What are some characteristics of Renaissance art?. Chapter 14. IV. Political & Military Transformations. Monarchies, Nobles and Clergy Limits on power of Monarchs Limited tax collecting abilities Power of nobles Land Knights Church Land Tax exemptions Independent towns

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Warm Up:

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  1. Warm Up: What are some characteristics of Renaissance art?

  2. Chapter 14

  3. IV. Political & Military Transformations • Monarchies, Nobles and Clergy • Limits on power of Monarchs • Limited tax collecting abilities • Power of nobles • Land • Knights • Church • Land • Tax exemptions • Independent towns - Charters granted independence

  4. IV. Political & Military Transformations 2. Anglo-Saxon England • In 1066 the Anglo-Saxon King Edward died without an heir • Council of Nobles chose Edward’s brother-in-law, Harold, to rule • Duke William of Normandy (northern France) also claimed a right to rule.

  5. IV. Political & Military Transformations 3. Norman Conquest • Duke William raised an army and sailed to England • Defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. • Duke William became King William I of England (William the Conqueror)

  6. IV. Political & Military Transformations 4. Growth of Royal Power • Granted fiefs to the church and other nobles • Kept large amounts of land for himself. • Built many stone castles on his land - Monitored who built their own castles • All lords swear loyalty directly to the King

  7. IV. Political & Military Transformations 5. Taxation • Domesday Book - Complete census of the kingdom - List of all land and buildings in England - Used for taxation • Royal exchequer - Royal treasury, taxes go directly to the King.

  8. IV. Political & Military Transformational 6. Henry II • reformed legal system • sent out traveling judges to enforce royal laws. • Common Law • system based on custom and court rulings. • Applied to all of England • Jury System • Determined who should be brought to trial (like today’s grand jury) • Consisted of 12 neighbors, who judged guilt or innocence (Like today’s trial jury)  

  9. IV. Political & Military Transformational 7. King John (r. 1199-1216) • King Henry’s son, John faced 3 powerful enemies King Phillip II of France • conflict over the English Kings lands in Normandy • Lost a war with Phillip, lands in France (1214) Pope Innocent III • John rejected the Popes pick for archbishop of Canterbury • John excommunicated • In response, John gave England to the pope, had to pay a yearly fee to Rome to rent the territory as a fief (1213) English Nobles • to pay for the wars with France John had to raise taxes • after the war was lost, Normandy was no longer a source of tax income for England • the nobles we not willing to allow King John to keep raising taxes

  10. IV. Political & Military Transformational 8. The Magna Carta • The English Church and Nobles were upset at King John. • a group of rebellious nobles cornered the King, and forced him to sign the Magna Carta, or great charter (1215).

  11. IV. Political & Military Transformational Read: The Magna Carta • Answer Questions on a separate sheet of paper

  12. Read: Successful Monarchs in France

  13. Compare the growth of royal power in England and France. • What methods did monarchs in both kingdoms use to increase royal power?

  14. IV. Political & Military Transformations B. The Hundred Years War 1337 -1453 • Background • Power of French king against vassals • Included king of England (Normandy), Flanders, Brittany and Burgundy • Grew out of a marriage alliance - French princess married English King Edward II - Son, Edward III claimed French throne

  15. IV. Political & Military Transformations 2. Technology and the Decline of the Knights • Crossbows • Arrow could pierce armor, reinforced French Calvary • Longbows • Shoot farther and more rapidly than crossbow • Decimated French calvary • Gunpowder - Firearms could penetrate armor • Cannons could knock down castle walls • First used at Battle of Agincourt in 1415 • Commoners could defeat knights on the battle field

  16. IV. Political & Military Transformations 3. Joan of Arc • Young French girl • Believed she received instructions from God • Donned knights armor, rallied French troops • Defeated English army in 1429 • Captured by English • Burned at the stake in 1431

  17. C. New Monarchies in France • What were characteristics of the “new monarchies” • How were monarchs able to consolidate control?

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