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CHILDHOOD OBESITY

CHILDHOOD OBESITY. Not Just Baby fat. Errin Weisman DO Deaconess Family Medicine Residency PGY2. So… how bad is childhood obesity?. US RATES AMONG CHILDREN 2-19 reported by the CDC in 2008. Indiana’s place. NOT SO GOOD.

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CHILDHOOD OBESITY

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  1. CHILDHOOD OBESITY Not Just Baby fat Errin Weisman DO Deaconess Family Medicine Residency PGY2

  2. So… how bad is childhood obesity?

  3. US RATES AMONG CHILDREN 2-19 reported by the CDC in 2008

  4. Indiana’s place NOT SO GOOD • Ranks 21st(with 1 being the best) in overall prevalence with 29.9% of children considered either overweight or obese. (10-15% are obese) • Weight status of children from low-income families participating in WIC, 31.1% of low-income children age 2-5 are overweight or obese in Indiana. • Indiana’s prevalence of overweight and obese children has fallen since 2003 • Indiana is one of only 12 states with a policy prohibiting or limiting foods of low nutritional value in child care centers. • Stats from Child Policy Research Center, NICH, Data Resource Center for Child & Adolescent Health http://www.childhealthdata.org/docs/nsch-docs/indiana-pdf.pdf GOOD IN US

  5. Classification system Recent Paradigm shift *Until 2005, term obese in children was discouraged/stigmatizing *In 2007AMA proposed term changes

  6. Physician’s role Because no one comes to the office and says “My kid is obese, can you give me some resources to help?”

  7. So…why should we care? • Multiple studies show obese children are more likely to be obese, have issues with cardiovascular disease, components of the metabolic syndrome, and several types of cancer in adulthoodthan are healthy-weight children • At greatest worry, it is becoming increasingly apparent, however, thatoverweight and obese children are at high immediate risk of conditions previously not seen in children like T 2DM, HTN, hyperlipidemia, asthma, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and perioperative respiratory distress under general anesthesia than are their healthy-weight counterparts • T 2DM now accounts for almost half of all new diabetes cases among children • Overweight and obese children reported greater difficulty making friends and more prone to low self-esteem than did healthy-weight children

  8. So.. How do we help • Identification of These Kids • Identifying Risk Factors • Motivational Interviewing and Brief Counseling with Parents (both Prevention and Management) • Involve Stages of Change • Assess for Change • 4) Establish plan and Set up Follow Up

  9. Identifying these children start them on the path to help!

  10. 1) Effective identifying 1) CHART OUT GROWTH CURVES Recent survey of almost 2000 FPs showed only 45% compute BMI at most or every well child visit 2) IDENTIFY ANY CAUSES

  11. 2) Potential risk factors

  12. Motivation interviewing • Provide Information and Assess Parental Concerns and Behaviors EXAMPLES • “Your child’s BMI is in the range which is associated with health problems. What concerns, if any, do you have about your child’s weight?” • “We checked your child’s BMI, which is a way of looking at weight and taking into consideration how tall someone is. Your child’s BMI is in the range where we start to be concerned about extra weight causing health problems.” • “About how many times a day does your child drink soda, sports drinks, or powdered drinks like Kool-Aid?” • “How often is your child playing, running, participating in organized exercise each week?” • Your child watches 4 hours of television on school days. What do you think about that? • “On a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being very important, how important is it for you to reduce the amount of fast food he eats?” BEWARE!!! “It’s just baby fat” “We are big boned people” “Your child is fat. Stop going to McDonalds”

  13. Are they ready to make a change Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Relapse/Recycle Action Maintenance

  14. Assess for change • EXAMPLES • “We’ve talked about eating too often at fast food restaurants, and how television viewing is more hours than you’d like. Which of these, if either of them, do you think you and your child could change?” • “On a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being very confident, assuming you decided to change the amount of fast food he eats, how confident are you that you could succeed?” • “What would it take you to move to an 8? “Well, I really want him to avoid diabetes. My mother died of diabetes, and it wasn’t pretty; maybe if he started showing signs of it; maybe if I could get into cooking a bit more.”

  15. Establish a plan & set up follow up • PLAN: Involving child in cooking or meal preparation, ordering healthier foods at fast food restaurants, and trying some new recipes at home. • FOLLOW-UP: Let’s schedule a visit in the next few weeks/months to see how things went. • NO PLAN with F/U: Sounds like you aren’t quite ready to commit to making any changes now. How about we follow up with this at your child’s next visit? • NO PLAN with F/U: Although you don’t sound ready to make any changes, between now and our next visit you might want to think about your child’s weight gain and lowering his diabetes risk.

  16. FEW EXTRAS TO Remember • AAP recommends that overweight kids 10yrs and up should have a lipid panel. If you identify risk factors, you should also add a fasting glucose, ALT and AST every 2 years. • AAP recommends for obese child 10yrs and old lipid panel, fasting glucose, ALT, and AST every 2 years regardless of their risk factors at that point. • Remember to counsel parents on prevention measures (because they are not obese now doesn’t mean they will stay that way)

  17. IT TAKES THE ENTIRE FAMILY TO CHANGE!

  18. Deaconess family medicine residency pediatric obesity

  19. DFMR • Allopathic Family Medicine Residency in Evansville, IN • 18 Residents • Serve Low income, Mostly Medicaid or self pay, mixed of Caucasian, African American and Hispanic families in the intercity of Evansville IN • Ob services, Peds care, Adult care, Nursing home, Inpatient service + other core rotations. • Work within the Deaconess Health System

  20. Past attempts?!? • Data collection phase • Use coding from auditing charts • Age 2-16, BMI greater than 85% • 2004= 11% • 2007= 14% • Currently= ~19% (but now use 2-19yo model) • We offered some exercise classes (few came) • We had an RD in the building (few came) • Minimal training to residents about approaching obesity and the prevalence in the population we serve.

  21. We have identified issues with Physician recognition of Childhood obesity

  22. Lessons we Learned • Better communication between Residents, Social Workers, RD, front desk, grants coordinator needed • We have to Market and Dedicate to this cause • Incentives to Family • More follow through with families • Reviewing the literature, NO ONE has the perfect answer yet

  23. NEXT attempt • 95210 Program • Local link with the YMCA for FREE membership for the entire family once they completed the initial visits (NO ONE FOLLOWED THROUGH) • Exercise classes did start to have children and families coming (HOWEVER, children that came were not overweight or obese, parents did not participate and unhealthy snacks were served) • No child increased in BMI (38 of 38) • Of the 38 children identified, 18 (47%) returned for a follow up with the RD. 13 (72.2%) showed some reduction in BMI • 3 (7.8%) then returned for a follow up with the clinical social worker. • Of the initial participants, RD categorized only 5 as “ready for change.”

  24. Currently… • With the Help from Welborn Grant • We did training with the residents (Dr. Gupta from Riley came and spoke) • Data now collected on referrals and “obesity” listed in the chart • To take advantage of best time, Classes are offered when children are out of school (Spring Break, Summer, Xmas break) • Continued work on re-vamping classes for nutrition • Tracking Outcomes better • Working towards the Riley POWER model • Developing a one on one family group program with RD that involves shopping for food and meal planning

  25. DFMR internal Referral Process to peds obesity program

  26. Future hopes • Integrate the Riley POWER program • Solidify a team • Work on customized care with specific goals, weekly contact, track the entire family for outcomes

  27. conclusion • As a country, our children are becoming more overweight and obese • Use the BMI classification system and identify children’s BMI percentile • Know why it is important to bring their child’s obese up during visits. Because we will be treating them as adults with the MI, HTN, DM2 Insulin Dep 20 year old • Screen for Risk Factors and do proper screening • Try using motivational interviewing • No one has the perfect solution yet, find your community resources to help you!

  28. ANY QUESTIONS?

  29. References • AAFP CME Bulletin about Childhood Obesity: Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment. Released 2012 • SandeepGupta, MD and Amanda Garant, MS, RD, CD Riley POWER Program 317-948-9088. Some of their PP pictures and ideas were used. • Barlow SE; Expert Committee. Expert Committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report. Pediatrics. 2007;120 Suppl 4:S164-S192. • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC grand rounds: childhood obesity in the United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(2):42-46. Erratum in MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(5):142. • Krebs NF, Himes JH, Jacobson D, et al. Assessment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity. Pediatrics. 2007;120 Suppl 4:S193-S228 [Review]. • Rao G. Childhood obesity: highlights of AMA Expert Committee recommendations. Am Fam Physician. 2008;78(1):56-63, 65-66. • Bindon J, Dressler WW, Gilliland MJ, et al. A cross-cultural perspective on obesity and health in three groups of women: the Mississippi Choctaw, American Samoans, and African Americans. CollAnthropol. 2007;31(1):47-54.

  30. Resources for more info • Examining the relationships between family meal practices, family stressors, and the weight of youth in the family • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21136225 • Family mealtimes: a contextual approach to understanding childhood obesity • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22652025 • Healthy eating index-C is positively associated with family dinner frequency among students in grades 6-8 from Southern Ontario, Canada • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20197788 • Household routines and obesity in US preschool-aged children. • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20142280 • Key Issues in the Prevention of Obesity • http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/2/359.full.pdf

  31. Resources for more info • Parenting Styles and Home Obesogenics • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22690202 • Overweight and Obesity Data from the CDC • http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html • Pediatrics : Recs for Prevention of Obesity • http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/120/Supplement_4/S229.full.pdf+html?sid=2c1e4978-da61-4306-8d9a-ed9e2d1722c6

  32. Resources for parents and patients • 4H Programs:Health-promoting youth programs, available at http://www.4-h.org/ • Big Brothers Big Sisters of America:Mentoring program committed to promoting healthy lifestyles, available at http://www.bbbs.org/ • Centers for Disease Prevention and Control Tips for Parents:Information, resources, links, http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/childhood/tips_for_parents.htm • Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010:Compendium of information on healthful diets, pitfalls, advice, and links to other resources, http://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/ • Smart-Mouth.org:Videos, games, information, links, http://www.cspinet.org/smartmouth/ • Text4Baby:3 free text messages/week to pregnant women or new mothers; actionable, evidence-based information relevant to stage of pregnancy or child’s development; http://www.text4baby.org/

  33. Resources for parents and patients • UCLA Fit for Healthy Weight Program:Information, programs, tools, links to other resources,http://www.fitprogram.ucla.edu/ • Weight-control Information Network:Helping Your Child: Tips, information, links, http://win.niddk.nih.gov/publications/child.htm • YMCA:Fitness programs for children (some at reduced fees), education to promote healthy choices,http://www.ymca.net/ • National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs:Free or reduced-cost balanced meals in public and nonprofit private schools, http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/lunch/ and http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/breakfast/ • Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program:Assistance with grocery costs, http://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/

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