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Case Study of a PROBE Building

David Arnold Troup Bywaters + Anders, London, England. Case Study of a PROBE Building. Barclaycard Headquarters Building England. Client’s Brief. Environmentally Friendly Building 37,000 m 2 2200 Employees 1500 Automobiles Opening Windows Peak Temperature < 25 o C

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Case Study of a PROBE Building

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  1. David Arnold Troup Bywaters + Anders, London, England Case Study of a PROBE Building Barclaycard Headquarters Building England

  2. Client’s Brief • Environmentally Friendly Building • 37,000 m2 • 2200 Employees • 1500 Automobiles • Opening Windows • Peak Temperature < 25 oC • Naturally Ventilated and (Cooled)

  3. Planning Options

  4. Building Plan

  5. Solution - Mixed Mode HVAC

  6. Passive Features • Solar Shading • Opening Windows • Controlled Natural Vents • Trickle Vents • Exposed Building Mass • Cooling/Balancing Pond

  7. Building System Concept

  8. Cooling - Passive Overnight

  9. Cooling - Chilled Beams

  10. Control • Pre-condition Building • Allow temperature rise during day • Thermal mass limits swing • Only use mechanical when needed • Avoid conflict with occupant control • Change to A/C in extremes

  11. Control Overnight cooling – powered roof vents Trickle vents - none Displacement vent - CO2 Sensors Perimeter radiation - compensator Chilled beams- Local sensor

  12. Euphoria to Despondency • Control and Equipment Failures • Extreme Conditions • Unplanned Building Operations • Learning curve • Building Manager

  13. PROBE Survey Results • Chiller only Used few days per year • Gas Heating 96 kWh/m2 • Electricity Use 234 kWh/m2 • 57% energy of Typical Heated Bldg • 17% less than Good Practice

  14. PROBE End use Electricity

  15. PROBE Carbon Emissions

  16. Energy Use Comparison

  17. PROBE Lessons A low energy, prestige office. Significant factors in the exceptional performance of the building in terms of energy use were the integration of thermal storage in the building and cooling pond, solar shading and low transport energy use for the air and water systems. 75% of the ceiling slab is exposed and closely coupled to the occupied space, this seems to provide about the right balance for overnight cooling.

  18. PROBE Lessons Life cycle costing avoids false economies. CO2 sensors were specified originally but replaced by inferior detectors as part of a cost saving exercise to maintain the budget. With hindsight it was a mistake.

  19. PROBE Lessons Manual versus automatic windows. If the budget had been greater we would have used automatic windows with local controls. They were considered but omitted on cost grounds. Automatic window control would have increased control of overnight cooling but I am not certain whether it could have been justified on life cycle costs alone.

  20. PROBE Lessons Vertical versus horizontal zoning. This is a lesson well learnt. All buildings of this type have a problem with overheating on the upper floors. We were aware of the problem and were of the opinion that the temperature difference would be within the design limits. Generally this was the case but it led to complaints and we would use floor by floor control in future.

  21. PROBE Lessons A success for mixed mode operation. Mixed mode has proved successful but it has been complemented by the pro-active involvement and control of the facilities team. We need to develop more robust controls. The design strategy for chillers was that they would only be used for a few days per year in a typical summer however they also provide the client with an insurance against the effects of further climate change.

  22. Conclusions • Thermal Storage reduces energy use • Prestige Building without full A/C • Innovative designs need more time • Anticipatory control will improve use • Building Operator essential to success Acknowledgement: Toni Panebianco Building Manager Barclaycard

  23. Update • Projected staff numbers up to 3350 • PCs greater than one to one • Four Call Centers • Chillers failed • Joined emissions trading scheme • Measuring energy per person-hour

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