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Introduction to the course

Introduction to the course. Electric Power System. Branch of Electrical Engineering which deal with the Technology of Generation, Transmission and Distribution DC Power system Pearl Street Station in New York City, 1882 “Illuminating Companies” by Thomas A. Edison

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Introduction to the course

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  1. Introduction to the course

  2. Electric Power System • Branch of Electrical Engineering which deal with the Technology of • Generation, • Transmission and • Distribution • DC Power system • Pearl Street Station in New York City, 1882 • “Illuminating Companies” by Thomas A. Edison • Three phase AC Power System, 1896 • 2 Generators & Transmission line @ 25 Hz 1 Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  3. Power System Components • Generation subsystem • Transmission subsystem • Sub-transmission subsystem • Distribution subsystem • Protection & Control subsystem Most complex man made system ! Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  4. Power System Structure Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  5. Power System Structure Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  6. Transmission & Distribution Voltage Levels • Transmission Networks – EHV AC or HVDC • Operates @ 765 kV/ 400 kV/ 220 kV AC or  500 kV DC • AC Sub-Transmission Networks • Operates @ 132 kV/ 110 kV/ 66 kV/ 33 KV • AC Distribution Network • Primary side: 11 kV • Secondary side: 415 V, 4 wire Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  7. Substation Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  8. Substation components • Lightning arrester • Carrier line communication equipments (Wave Trap) • Instrument Transformers (CT, PT) • Circuit Breakers • Isolators • Bus bars • Power Transformers • Control room Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  9. Protection & Control subsystem • Power System Faults – Open Circuit & Short Circuit • Fail free Power System is Hypothetical. • Faults are detected automatically by Relays & Isolated by Circuit Breakers • Issues are Speed, Sensitivity, Selectivity, Reliability • Auto reclosure scheme, Blackouts • Microprocessor based relays • Modern Trends - Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems • Components – Multiple RTUs, Master Station, & Communication Infrastructure Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  10. EHVAC vs HVDC Right of way to transmit 6,000 MW with two DC lines vs.five 500 kV AC lines Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  11. Sector wise Power consumption in India (2002) Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  12. Types of Load • Industrial load • 3 phase; Inductive • Complex tariff structure • Domestic / Commercial loads • 1-phase; Resistive • Tariff based on energy consumed - kWHr • Appliances & Power Rating • Incandescent lamps (5 W to 100 W) • Fluorescent lamps (20 W & 40 W); CFL (5 W to 25 W) • Air Conditioner (1.5 T) 1800 W • Electric Iron (750 W) • Heaters/ Geysers (2 kW) • Ceiling Fan (60 W) • Washing Machine (with heater) (2.5 kW) • Refrigerator (160 W) • PC (200 W), Laptop (40 W) Reduce Electricity bill by minimizing the use of heating / environmental conditioning gadgets Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  13. Power Sector Reforms • Background • State Electricity Boards (SEBs) are responsible for providing electricity to the people • SEBs are not even able to earn a minimum Rate of Return (RoR) of 3% on their net fixed assets in service • Reforms in power sector was initiated in 1991 • 2001: Decided to achieve Commercial viability in distribution in 2-3 years • Create profit centres with full accountability • Handing over local distribution to Panchayats/Local bodies/Franchisees/Users association • Privatization of distribution Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  14. Electricity Act 2003 • National Electricity Policy on • Rural Electrification, • Open access in transmission, • Phased open access in distribution, • Mandatory State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC), • License free generation and distribution, • Power trading, • Mandatory metering, • Stringent penalties for theft of electricity Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  15. Summary • Power System deals with Generation, Transmission & Distribution of Electric Energy • Bulk Power Generation is 3 Phase AC @ 11 kV to 22 kV • Transmission Networks – EHV AC or HVDC • Operates @ 765 kV/ 400 kV/ 220 kV AC or  500 kV DC • AC Sub-Transmission Networks • Operates @ 132 kV/ 110 kV/ 66 kV/ 33 KV • Distribution Network • Primary side: 11 kV & Secondary side: 415 V, 4 wire • Protection & Control • Relays, Switchgears • Substations • Control room & Switchyard Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  16. Additional resources & Slides • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page • http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/pes • http://www.mnes.nic.in • http://www.npcil.nic.in • http://www.cercind.org • http://cea.nic.in Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  17. TRANSMISSION NETWORK – A Glance Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  18. Over head lines vs. Cables • Transmission/ Sub-transmission network – Over head lines • Air is a good Insulator – 30 kV/cm • ACSR – Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  19. Power Cables Steel Wire Armored Cable (SWA) PVC A: Conductor  B: Semicon Conductor Shielding C: XLP Insulation D: Semicon Layer    E: Metallic Shielding  F: Binder Tape    G: Jacket Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  20. Power Scenario in India • Power Situation: (April 2005 - February 2006) • Demand Met Surplus/ Deficit • Energy 575,384 MU 527,539 MU -8.3 % • Peak Demand 92,968 MW 81,370 MW -12.5 % Consumption per capita Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  21. Consumption per capitaGlobal… Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  22. Installed Capacity Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  23. Investments in Power Sector PLANWISE OUTLAY PLANWISE EXPENDITURE Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  24. Transmission… Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  25. Rural Electrification Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  26. Rural Electrification • No. of Villages (Census 1991) 593,732Villages Electrified (31st March 2004) 474,982Electrification %80% • Rural Households (Census 2001) 138,271,559Having access 60,180,685Electrification % 44% Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

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