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Adapting to Life on Land

Adapting to Life on Land. Chapter 21.1. Characteristics of Plants . Review Photosynthesis Video. 1) Multicellular eukaryote 2) Nucleus has true nucleus 3) Membrane-bound organelles 4) Thick cell walls of cellulose

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Adapting to Life on Land

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  1. Adapting to Life on Land Chapter 21.1 Hickox: Baker High School

  2. Characteristics of Plants Review Photosynthesis Video 1) Multicellular eukaryote 2) Nucleus has true nucleus 3) Membrane-bound organelles 4) Thick cell walls of cellulose 5) Stem and leaves have waxy waterproof coating called _______________. 6) The cuticle helps plants to reduce water loss cuticle Hickox: Baker High School

  3. Cuticle of a stem Hickox: Baker High School

  4. What are the basic plant organs? (234) leaf Photosynthesis RAP Plant video: Form and Structure 7) A ________ is a plant organ that grows from the stem. 8) Photosynthesis usually occurs here 9) Plants have uniquely different shapes & sizes Hickox: Baker High School

  5. What are the basic plant organs? (234) Roots Root hairs increase absorption area 10)_________ are the plant organ that absorbs water and nutrients 11) Tissues that transport 12) Anchor a plant to ground 13) Some function as food storage (sweet potatoes) Hickox: Baker High School

  6. Basic plant organs (234) stem 14) A __________ provides support for growth 15) Moves water from roots to leaves 16) Moves sugar (food) from leaves to roots 17) Contains tissues for transporting food, water and other materials 18) Sometimes contain food storage or photosynthesis Hickox: Baker High School

  7. Most plants we are familiar with have stemsmade of tube-like, long cells for transportingwater and food called ______ Most of the vascular tissue is found in the trunkandstems 20) Vascular tissue consists Of two different types: ________: carries water up From roots _________: carries food Down from leaves. Vascular tissue xylem phloem Water Transport Video Hickox: Baker High School

  8. Hickox: Baker High School

  9. Vascular and Nonvascular Plants Vascular plants long distance 21) Plants that contain vascular tissue are called ___________ _________. 22) Plants can transport water a _________ _________ 23) Plants have fibers of cellulose to be able to grow tall 24) Nonvascularplants include mosses, hornworts, and liverworts and do not contain vascular tissue. 25) Reproduce with alternations of generations 26) Nonvascular plants are only a few cells thick 27) Water and nutrients travel by osmosis 28) Live close to the ground Hickox: Baker High School

  10. Nonvascular Plants • What is a nonvascular plant? • Need to be close to __________ to (reproduce & photosynthesize) • Limited to ______________ (streams, rivers, forest) • Do not have roots; move water and minerals by (osmosis & diffusion) • Have ___________________ • Male reproductive structure ______________ • Female reproductive structure ______________ water Low wet areas Alternation of generations antheridium archegonium Hickox: Baker High School

  11. Hornwort (Nonvascular plant) Hickox: Baker High School

  12. Nonvascular Plants Liverworts Hickox: Baker High School

  13. Nonvascular Plants Moss Reproduction in Mosses Video Hickox: Baker High School

  14. What is a seed? (235) seed diploid 29)A __________ is a plant organ that contains an embryo and food supply covered in a hard protective coat. 30) Protects the embryo from drying out 31) Seed are __________, since they contain two of each kind of chromosome. 32) In non-seed plants such as in mosses and fern, the sperm require a film of water on the plant in order to reach the EGG. • This is why moist habitats are required Hickox: Baker High School

  15. Seed Embryo Seed coat Food supply COTYLEDON Hickox: Baker High School

  16. What is alternation of generations in plants? (235) gametophyte haploid spores diploid haploid male female 33) Includes two stages, one generation is the ____________ generation, which produces gametes of ___________ cells. 34) During the sporophyte generation, _______ are produced, which are _________. 35) In non-seed vascular plants such as ferns, spores are released and grow into ____________ gametophyte plants, producing _______ and _________ gametes. Hickox: Baker High School

  17. Alternation of Generations Asexual reproduction (2n) Sexual reproduction (1n) Hickox: Baker High School Hickox: Baker High School Biology.

  18. Fern Life Cycle (alternation of generations) 36) In non-seed vascular plants such as ferns, spores are released and grow into haploidgametophyte plants, produce male andfemale gametes. Hickox: Baker High School

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  31. Alternation of Generations Hickox: Baker High School

  32. Mature Fern Sorus under frond Sporangium with spore diploid haploid Egg and Sperm unite producing Sporophyte Young sporophyte Spore Germinates Prothallus Archegonia & antheridium on Prothallus Hickox: Baker High School

  33. Non-seed Vascular Plants 22.2 rhizome sporangia sorus What is the structure of ferns? 1. (has roots, stems, and leaves) 2. The main stem is underground and is called a ________. 3. On the under area of a frond, the leaves you may see tiny brown circles. These clusters are spore-producing __________. Each cluster forms a _______. Hickox: Baker High School

  34. Non-seed Vascular Plants 22.2 sporangia • Sporangia (spores) • Frond • Under frond - Sorus Hickox: Baker High School

  35. What is a plant? (21.1 Adapting to Life on Land) 18. How do algae and land plants take in substances? Algae live in water and absorb dissolved substances directly into their cells. Most land plants absorb dissolved substances from the soil. Hickox: Baker High School

  36. Survey of the Plant Kingdom 21.2 (238) Botanists 37) Phylogeny of Plants (evolutionary history) • Scientists who study plants are ________ 38) Non-seed Plants: use sporesto reproduce. 39) Hepaticophytes: non-seed plants called liverworts; nonvascular, use osmosis and diffusion, to absorb water & nutrients 40) May be ancestors to all plants. Hickox: Baker High School

  37. Survey of the Plant Kingdom 21.2 (239) Hornworts 41) Anthocerophytes are very small, nonvascular and grow in damp shady habitats. They rely on osmosisand diffusion to transport nutrients. Are also called _____________ (resemble horns of animals) Hickox: Baker High School

  38. Survey of the Plant Kingdom 21.2 (239) 42) Bryophytes: are the mosses; are nonvascular; have cells that transport water and sugar. Usually less than 5 cm. tall. Mosses Hickox: Baker High School

  39. Vascular plants Club mosses 43) Lycophytes: Vascular plants that have stems, roots, and leaves. Another name are the ______________ Hickox: Baker High School

  40. Seed Plants: 44) Seed Plants:Have a seed that consists of a plant embryo and a foodsupply and covered by a hard protective coat. All seed plants have vascular tissue Hickox: Baker High School

  41. Seed Plants Pollen grain ovule seed What is a seed plant? 45) Many Vascular plant that produces seeds. 46) Seeds are surrounded by fruitor scales of a cone. 47) In the sporophyte, the spores develop into male and female gametophytes. 48) The male gametophyte is inside the ______ _______ 49) The female gametophyte produces the egg cell inside the __________. 50) The ovule form the _______ after fertilization. (the union of egg and sperm). 51) After fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryo. Hickox: Baker High School

  42. Seed Plants 22.3 (251) cotyledons food • Embryos of seed plants include one or more ____________. • Cotyledons : store ____________for the developing embryo. • Cotyledons are leaf-like structures on the plant’s stems, when the plant comes through the soil. Hickox: Baker High School

  43. Vascular plants cones Sega palms Cycads: 52) Look like palm trees but are not. 53) Produce male and female ________, are scaly structures that support male or female reproductive structures. • Commonly called ________________ Hickox: Baker High School

  44. Cycads Hickox: Baker High School

  45. Survey of the Plant Kingdom 21.2 (241) Ginkgophytes: Ginkgo biloba are small trees with fan-shaped leaves. Male and female reproductive structures on separate trees. Hickox: Baker High School

  46. Ginkgo biloba: male Ginkgo biloba: female Ginkgo biloba: sperm Hickox: Baker High School

  47. Conifers cone 54) Conifers are _________ bearing trees. 55) Pine, fir, cypress, and redwood 56) Produce seeds in cones 57) Many have needlelike leaves Hickox: Baker High School

  48. Seed Plants 22.3 (251) What are the advantages of seeds? 58) A seed is an embryo and its food supply is inside tough outer coating. 59) Two groups: those whose seeds are not protected byfruitare called _____________ or “naked seeds”. 60) Seeds that are protected by fruit are called ______________. A fruit includes ripened ovary of a flower. Make change in notes!!!!!!! gymnosperms angiosperms Hickox: Baker High School

  49. Douglas Fir: Conifer Hickox: Baker High School

  50. Giant Sequoia: Conifer Hickox: Baker High School

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