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Measurement of Routing Switch-over Time with Redundant Link

Measurement of Routing Switch-over Time with Redundant Link. August 25, 2005 NOC-Network Engineering Session Advanced Network Conference in Taipei. Masaki Hirabaru (NICT), Teruo Nakai (KDDI), Yoshitaka Hattori (KDDI), Motohiro Ishii (QIC), and Yasuichi Kitamura (NICT). Motivations.

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Measurement of Routing Switch-over Time with Redundant Link

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  1. Measurement of Routing Switch-over Time with Redundant Link August 25, 2005 NOC-Network Engineering Session Advanced Network Conference in Taipei Masaki Hirabaru (NICT),Teruo Nakai (KDDI),Yoshitaka Hattori (KDDI),Motohiro Ishii (QIC), and Yasuichi Kitamura (NICT)

  2. Motivations • Research Networks are getting complicated in the AP region. • Situation: many redundant (back-up) links with dynamic routing (instead of SONET or L-2 redundancy) • Evaluation: how fast they can switch over in case of outages • Improvement: how we can minimize service disruption time Two Cases APII Fukuoka-Tokyo Path over JGN II (Japan Domestic Part) JP-US Path over JGN II / TransPAC2 (at Tokyo)

  3. Routing Switchover from Link A to B Failure Resume Service Disruption Link A Link B Time packets reorder FailureDetection RoutingTransient Test Packet Train

  4. Case 1: APII Seoul-Tokyo Connection Seoul XP Korea Daejon 10G JGNII KOREN Taegu Tokyo XP Kwangju TransPAC2 Busan 10G Northern Route(1G) 2.5G SONET 1,000km APII/JGNII Southern Route(10G) Fukuoka Genkai XP Fukuoka Japan JGN II : L2 ServiceNo Fault Detection!=> L3 User-side Detection

  5. APII Fukuoka-Tokyo Configuration over JGN II iBGP Peering with loopback address apii-juniper 203.181.248.118 203.181.248.226 Northern Route (VLAN 1G) Kanazawa OSPF metric 90 Fukuoka 4/22 x 5/16(18) 203.181.248.117 x OSPF metric 9 tpr4 Okayama Osaka 203.181.248.225 Tokyo Southern Route (VLAN 10G) Switch (L2) Router (L3)

  6. Detecting Switchover Period #1 (APII) two maintenance outages 2005-04-22 Tokyo -> FukuokaNorthern RouteTraffic Graph Tokyo -> FukuokaSouthern RouteTraffic Graph 810 packets / sec = 10 Mbps (MTU 1500B UDP) ~ 1ms resolution Fukuoka -> Tokyo: time 2005/04/22 02:07:46-02:08:23 JST gap 37.1s loss 30264time 2005/04/22 04:02:38-04:03:15 JST gap 36.8s loss 29975Tokyo->Fukuoka: (Unsuccessful measurement)

  7. OSPF Hello Intervals Default: hello interval 10 secs dead interval 40 secs Proposal: hello interval 1 sec (minimum) dead interval 4 secs OSPF adjacency will be lost while parameters are inconsistent among peers. Another way would be using BFD available JUNOS 7.X.

  8. Detecting Switchover Period #2 (APII) Tokyo -> FukuokaNorthern Route Traffic Graph 2005-05-16 Tokyo -> FukuokaSouthern Route Traffic Graph 1000 packets / sec = 1 Mbps (58B UDP) ~ 1ms resolution Fukuoka -> Tokyo: time 2005/05/16 02:17:16-02:17:21 JST gap 5.6s loss 5637 Tokyo->Fukuoka: time 2005/05/16 02:17:16-02:17:20 JST gap 4.1s loss 4116

  9. Case 2:JP-US Connection over TransPAC2 / JGN II Michigan packets JGN II routes TransPAC2 Tokyo Packets are sent at MichiganRoutes are injected at Tokyo

  10. Tokyo - Michigan L3 Configuration AS237 141.211.0.0/16 ge-1-1-0x984 192.122.183.93 v-bin-arbl192.122.183.93 AS22335 192.122.182.18 206.220.240.154 ge-2-3-0x986192.122.183.197 Ann Arbor - Chicago 206.220.240.161 5ms AS22388 192.122.183.13 transpac-chi 192.203.116.9 192.122.182.18 80ms chinng198.32.11.97 AS7660 iplsng198.32.8.77 dnvrng198.32.8.13 kscyng198.32.8.81 snvang198.32.8.1 tpr4203.181.248.218 AS11537 losang 198.32.8.94 transpac-la 207.231.240.136 133.69.35.1 56ms JGN II Int’l and TransPAC2: - SONET OC-192 unprotected - L2 fault detection provided tpr5192.203.116.146 AS22388

  11. Detecting Switchover Period #3 (TransPAC2) * Announce /24 into the both JGN II and TransPAC2 LA -TokyoTransPAC2 Traffic Graph 100 packets / sec = 100 Kbps (58B UDP) ~ 10ms resolution 7/30 607 ms 8/02 647 ms Resume Failure TransPAC2 JGN II Time 5-10 packets reorders in 5-10 ms

  12. Detecting Switchover Period #4 (JGN II) * Announce /24 into the both JGN II and TransPAC2 100 packets / sec = 100 Kbps (58B UDP) ~ 10ms resolution 7/29 1448 ms 8/03 837ms Resume Failure JGN II TransPAC2 Time 45 ms (7/29)1773 ms (8/03) no reorders BGP down (Tokyo)

  13. Detecting Switchover Period #5 (TransPAC2) * Announce /24 for JGN II and /25 for TransPAC2133.69.35.0/24 and 133.69.35.0/25 100 packets / sec = 100 Kbps (58B UDP) ~ 10ms resolution 8/05 512 ms Resume Failure TransPAC2 JGN II Time No packets reorders

  14. Artificial Route Change 1) Keep announce a /24 route from Tokyo2) Announce the /25 route to another link, then 3) Withdraw the /25 route TimeAD = TimeS – TimeA TimeWD = TimeS – TimeW Michigan Michigan Chicago Packet(before) Chicago Packet(after) Times TimeA A W Tokyo Tokyo Packet(after) Packet(before) Timew Times

  15. A-1 Flap TransPAC 2 /24 JGN II A W /25 TransPAC2 TimeAD 196 ms TimeWD 193 ms A-2 Flap JGN II /24 TransPAC2 A W /25 JGN II TimeAD 2106 ms TimeWD 1922 ms

  16. Route Propagation Delays (1) Delays from Tokyo to Oregon Routeview 2152 2153 22388 7660 : 6 secs (via LA) 293 10764 22388 7660 : 5 secs (via LA) 10876 3701 4600 11537 22388 7660 7660 7660 : 23 secs (via CHI) 2152 2153 11537 22388 7660 7660 7660 : 36 secs (via CHI) No BGP Updates available in Abilene?

  17. Route Propagation Delays (2)- Tokyo to Seoul: BGP Peering Topology - AS17579 seoul AS11537 AS9270 daejon AS2907 10G JGNII AS7660 busan tokyo4 tokyo5 TransPAC2 10G koganei monitor generator (A / W) 2-hour intervals fukuoka AS64582 133.69.36.0/24http://mrtg.koganei.itrc.net/cgi-bin/bgproute2.cgi AS2523 Acknowledgement to JaeHwa Lee @ KOREN

  18. Route Propagation Delays (2) - Results - Announce delays (unit is millisecond) Withdraw delays (unit is millisecond)

  19. Summary • Avoid Ethernet multiple access device (L2 switch) • If no, decrease Hello (heartbeat) intervals, or use BDF • Inject alternates routes with longer prefixes • Loop-free alternates and fast reroute (future work) • Fast route propagation has been not well considered • Need overseas test points continuous 0.1Mbps traffic (10ms resolution) • Millisecond-order event timestamps (BGP updates, link failure, etc…) • Less restriction for IP options and ICMP • Global IP addresses for routers • Harmful route dampening • Route exits controlled by BGP Community Abilene / StarLight Router Proxy is helpful to check the routes.

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