ADDIS INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP 14 – 17 March 2011

1. ADDIS INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP 14 – 17 March 2011 MAKING SOCIAL PROTECTION WORK FOR PRO-POOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

2. India’s experience in social protection – Lessons from social mobilisation and women’s empowerment in Andhra Pradesh state VIJAY KUMAR, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India (vjthallam@gmail.com)

3. Vision of A.P social protection programme: each family in the state should be out of poverty, and, enjoy a decent quality of life. Comprehensive: ‘voice’, gender equality, income, social recognition, risk management, health and education

4. Core beliefs in social protection: • Poor: • innate capabilities • self-help and volunteerism • Social mobilisation and institutions of poor – critical for comprehensive poverty eradication • Sensitive support institutions for poor – to induce social mobilisation

5. A.P social protection programme • Strong commitment of successive Chief Ministers ( over 20 years ) • UNDP – SAPAP Pilot 1995 – 2000 • World Bank support – 2000 - 2011 • Setting up of S.E.R.P in 2000 – statewide implementing organisation

6. Institutional Model Z S 300,000 500,000 • E.C - 2 from each V.O, 5 Office bearers • Support to VOs • Secure linkage with Govt. Depts. fin institutions, markets • Auditing of the groups MMS • Micro Finance functions 6000 9000 • E.C - 2 from each S.H.G, 5 Office bearers - • Strengthening of SHGs • Arrange line of credit to the SHGs • Social action • Village development V.O • Marketing and food security • Support activists – 3 -5 150 - 200 • Thrift and credit activities • Monitoring group performance SHGs • Micro Credit Planning SHGs SHGs SHGs SHGs SHGs • Household inv plans 10 - 15 C.B.Os implement the project Zilla Samakhya Mandal Samakhyas and V.Os plan and implement the various project components • Each Mandal is divided into three Clusters of 10-12 habitations. • A development professional, called Community Coordinator (CC) is placed in each Cluster. S/he stays in her cluster. • SERP selects and trains them. After completion of training, they are contracted by the MS and are accountable to MS. • M.S responsible for social mobilisation, institution building and funding the microplans of S.H.Gs/V.Os from C.I.F • Micro credit plans are evolved by the S.H.Gs in each village. These plans are funded by their own savings, CIF fund and Bank Linkage. • V.Os responsible for appraising the microplans and recommending them to M.S for financing from C.I.F • V.Os appraise microplans and also finance them from the recycled C.I.F Mandal Samakhya Village Organization SELF HELP GROUPS

7. Universal outreach • All Villages in A.P covered • Universal coverage of poor • 10.7 million women organised into 934,000 S.H.Gs • S.H.G Federations: village – 35,525 V.Os, mandal – 1099 M.M.S, and, district – 22 Z.Ss

8. Social capital • 2.0 million trained grassroots women leaders managing S.H.Gs and federations • 180,000 para professionals at village level – accountable to women’s groups • 20,000 Community resource persons – scaling up and deepening social mobilisation

9. Community Micro finance model Mandal Samakhya Terms of Partnership (VO – MS) Repayment Period 100 - 120 Months Terms of Partnership (SHG – VO) Banks 40 - 60 months Terms of Partnership (Member – SHG) SHG SHG SHG Prioritization of Needs and Members 12-24 months Members Micro Credit Plan Village Organization

10. Financial inclusion • W.B / GoI outlay: - Rs.2600 cr ($600 m) • S.H.G’s own corpus Rs.4650 cr ($1020) • Cumulative lending from banks: 2001-11: Rs.34000 cr ($7470 m) • State Govt’s incentive for prompt loan repayment: 2004-11: Rs.1600 cr ($350 m)

11. Prerequisites for a family to come out of abject poverty Time: 6 to 8 years Nurturing by S.H.Gs and federations. Minimum investment of Rs.100,000 ($2200) per family (‘small’ and ‘big’ loans) A.P Govt. plan to raise Rs.110,000 cr ($ 24 bn) covering 11 million poor women – by 2016/17

12. Impact of social protection on key livelihoods • Agriculture • Livestock – dairying • Skills • Risk management

13. Eco – agriculture initiative • To reduce costs and risks and increase net incomes • Community managed • Appropriate for adaptation to climate change and mitigation • 27 lakh acres, 10 lakh farmers coverage (12 % of State’s cultivable area).

14. Key elements: • Management by women • “Decentralized, accountable extension system”, • locally available natural resources • bio-diversity • household level food and nutritional security • Best practising farmers as community trainers – scaling-up “by” the community

15. Non pesticide management practices • Summer Ploughing: • Exposes the pupae • to scorching sun • Community bonfires: • Immediately after • the first rains, attracts • adults and kill the pests

16. Seed and seedling treatment: • To prevent pests and fungal diseases in early Stages • Alleys : To Prevent Brown Plant Hopper (BPH) etc • Bird perches: • 15 – 20 bird perches • per Acre • to manage larval pests • Clipping of the tips, paddy seedlings:

17. Border crop: • with jowar or maize in two or three rows. To improve friendly insect population • Trap crop: castor, marigold and okra @ 100 plants / acre Jowar as a border crop Marigold as a trap crop for Helicoverpa

18. Pheromone traps: • 5-10 traps / Ac for monitoring pest load • Delta traps: • For leaf Webber in Groundnut • Light traps: • Red hairy cater pillar in G.Nut

19. Soil Fertility Management – through natural resources • Mulching , Catch crop • Polycrops - Crop diversification • Bund plantation – Gliricidia, etc • Azolla in Paddy • Tank silt application • FYM - soil organic carbon • Dung based inoculants • Composting - NADEP • Neem cake application

20. Drought proofing Components include Trench, Conservation furrows, Farm Pond, compost pit , tank silt application. Rs. 48,000 per acre - MGNREGS • 300000 acres of 1,60,000 poor farmers 2009-11 Conservation of the entire rain water in the field itself

21. Crop Management: • Perennials on conservation furrows including green leaf manure plants. • 7 tiered crop canopy ( 36*36 model ) near farm pond.

22. Bio diversity • Poly crops with emphasis on monocot & dicots, leguminous & non leguminous • Bund plantation • Ecological benefits – fish and honey bee

23. Increased food grain production – House hold level • Yadireddy pally of Mahabubnagar • Earlier they used to purchase entire requirement

24. Journey of an ultra poor family from “wage seekers” to “net food producers” Smt. M.Bojjamma , Thadakanaplle village in Kurnool district. Ultra-poor The village Organization provided a loan amount of Rs.7,000/- for leasing in 0.5 Acre land Incomes Kharif - SRI Paddy – Rs. 20,000/- Kharif Vegetables- Rs.22,200/- Rabi Vegetables - Rs.26,500/- Total gross incomes – Rs.68,700/- Total cost of cultivation – Rs. 7,200/- Net income from 0.5 Acre – Rs. 54,500/-

25. Multi layer farming – 36*36 model L Venkat Rao –Vijayangaram • 36 ft * 36 ft area • Net Income : Rs.11,150 on 1100 sft

26. Securing the future for the ultra poor Every ultra-poor family should earn an additional Income of Rs.60,000 /-per annum Key sources: A. Sustainable Agriculture – Rs.25,000 – 40,000/- B. NREGA – Rs.10,000/- C. Marketing Premiums – Rs.5000 – 10,000/- D. Dairy – Rs.15000 – Rs.25000/- Assumptions: Land lease/own: wet land – 0.25 – 0.5 acres wet Dry land: 0.5 – 1.0 acre Dairy: 2 -3 animals

27. Social protection – other livelihoods impacts Collective marketing of agriculture produce • Village level procurement centres for paddy, maize, red gram, soybean, etc Women dairies • 175 Bulk milk cooling centres run by Mandal samakhyas • 2784 village milk collection centres • 250,000 litres of milk per day (flush season) • 140,000 dairy farmers

28. Risk mitigation Social risk management • Managed by Zilla samakhyas, M.Ss • 9 million members/spouses covered under life insurance - largest in the country • 24*7 service • Low Admin costs: Rs.10 ($0.20 cents) per member per annum • Cattle insurance – Vizianagaram district • Health insurance - Vishakhapatnam

29. Social interventions Health and nutrition initiative • healthy mothers and healthy babies – ‘zero’ low birth weight babies Education • Pre-school centres managed by V.Os Gender initiative – intra family equity, ‘no to domestic violence’, family counselling centres

30. Social interventions • S.H.G – Co-contributory pension – introduced in Nov 2009, to cover 4 million rural and urban women in S.H.Gs

31. Convergence Women’s network a platform for convergence of all anti-poverty programmes of Govt. : housing, land access, civil supplies, urban development, forest management Line departments modified implementation procedures in consultation with S.H.G federations

32. Scaling up A.P experience to the whole country • National Rural livelihoods mission • Task: to reach out to 70 – 80 million rural poor households (poorest of poor: 350 – 400 million) • Stay engaged with them till they come out of abject poverty • To do this in a time bound manner

33. N.R.L.M Key pillars: • Building strong institutions of the poor • Dedicated support structures • Financial inclusion • Sustainable Livelihoods promotion • Social risk management • Partnerships: N.G.Os, banks, private sector, training institutions