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Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System. Transport and Metabolism . Introduction . Homeostasis . Receptors . Grab Bag . $100. $100. $100. $ 100. $100. $200. $200. $200. $200. $200. $300. $300. $300. $300. $300. $400. $400. $400. $400. $400. $500. $500. $500.

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Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

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  1. Functional Organization of the Endocrine System Transport and Metabolism Introduction Homeostasis Receptors Grab Bag $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

  2. Introduction: $100 Question • The endocrine system communicates with target cells by way of this: • a. chemical messengers that do not leave the cell where they are produced • b. chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream • c. chemical messengers secreted through ducts into other organ • d. electrical signals ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  3. Introduction: $100 Answer • The endocrine system communicates with target cells by way of this: • a. chemical messengers that do not leave the cell where they are produced • b. chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream • c. chemical messengers secreted through ducts into other organ • d. electrical signals BACK TO GAME

  4. Introduction: $200 Question • Given these characteristics: 1. amplitude-modulated signals2. all-or-none response3. usually slower response4. effects usually more generally distributedList the characteristics that apply to the endocrine system when compared to the nervous system. • a. 2,3 c. 1,3,4 • b. 1,2,4 d. 1,2 3,4 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  5. Introduction: $200 Answer • Given these characteristics: 1. amplitude-modulated signals2. all-or-none response3. usually slower response4. effects usually more generally distributedList the characteristics that apply to the endocrine system when compared to the nervous system. • a. 2,3 c. 1,3,4 • b. 1,2,4 d. 1,2 3,4 BACK TO GAME

  6. Introduction: $300 Question • Chemical signals that are secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals are called this: • a. autocrine chemical signals • b. pheromones • c. paracrine chemical signals • d. hormones • e. neurotransmitters ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  7. Introduction: $300 Answer • Chemical signals that are secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals are called this: • a. autocrine chemical signals • b. pheromones • c. paracrine chemical signals • d. hormones • e. neurotransmitters BACK TO GAME

  8. Introduction: $400 Question • Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals that do this: • a. produced by groups of cells and affect neurons • b. released by cells and affect other cell types locally • c. produced by neurons and act like hormones • d. released by neurons and stimulate or inhibit other neurons ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  9. Introduction: $400 Answer • Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals that do this: • a. produced by groups of cells and affect neurons • b. released by cells and affect other cell types locally • c. produced by neurons and act like hormones • d. released by neurons and stimulate or inhibit other neurons BACK TO GAME

  10. Introduction: $500 Question • Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and glucocorticoids are all examples of this: • a. proteins • b. glycoproteins • c. polypeptides • d. amino acid derivatives • e. steroids ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  11. Introduction: $500 Answer • Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and glucocorticoids are all examples of this: • a. proteins • b. glycoproteins • c. polypeptides • d. amino acid derivatives • e. steroids BACK TO GAME

  12. Homeostasis: $100 Question • This statement about hormones is true except: • a. are secreted at a constant rate • b. function to regulate the rates of many activities in the body • c. secretion rate is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms • d. help maintain homeostasis ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  13. Homeostasis: $100 Answer • This statement about hormones is true except: • a. are secreted at a constant rate • b. function to regulate the rates of many activities in the body • c. secretion rate is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms • d. help maintain homeostasis BACK TO GAME

  14. Homeostasis: $200 Question • This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an endocrine tissue: • a. other hormones • b. negative-feedback mechanisms • c. nonhormone substance in the blood • d. the nervous system • e. all of the above ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  15. Homeostasis: $200 Answer • This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an endocrine tissue: • a. other hormones • b. negative-feedback mechanisms • c. nonhormone substance in the blood • d. the nervous system • e. all of the above BACK TO GAME

  16. Homeostasis: $300 Question • Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system during exercise results in secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood; when exercise ends, the amount of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood decreases rapidly. This is an example of • a. acute hormone regulation • b. chronic hormone regulation • c. cyclic hormone regulation ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  17. Homeostasis: $300 Answer • Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system during exercise results in secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood; when exercise ends, the amount of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood decreases rapidly. This is an example of • a. acute hormone regulation • b. chronic hormone regulation • c. cyclic hormone regulation BACK TO GAME

  18. Homeostasis: $400 Question • When blood glucose levels increase, hormone "A" is secreted. Based on this information, hormone A is controlled by this: • a. changes in the level of a chemical in the blood • b. direct stimulation by the nervous system • c. stimulation by a hormone released from another endocrine gland • d. a hypothalamic releasing factor ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  19. Homeostasis: $400 Answer • When blood glucose levels increase, hormone "A" is secreted. Based on this information, hormone A is controlled by this: • a. changes in the level of a chemical in the blood • b. direct stimulation by the nervous system • c. stimulation by a hormone released from another endocrine gland • d. a hypothalamic releasing factor BACK TO GAME

  20. Homeostasis: $500 Question • Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone "B." As levels of hormone "B" increase, the secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. This control mechanism is this: • a. negative feedback • b. positive feedback • c. neural control • d. amplification ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  21. Homeostasis: $500 Answer • Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone "B." As levels of hormone "B" increase, the secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. This control mechanism is this: • a. negative feedback • b. positive feedback • c. neural control • d. amplification BACK TO GAME

  22. Transport and Metabolism: $100 Question • Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible fashion. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  23. Transport and Metabolism: $100 Answer • Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible fashion. • True/False BACK TO GAME

  24. Transport and Metabolism: $200 Question • Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must do this: • a. pass through capillary cells • b. pass through pores in the capillary endothelium • c. be moved out of the capillary by active transport • d. remain in the blood ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  25. Transport and Metabolism: $200 Answer • Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must do this: • a. pass through capillary cells • b. pass through pores in the capillary endothelium • c. be moved out of the capillary by active transport • d. remain in the blood BACK TO GAME

  26. Transport and Metabolism: $300 Question • These statements about these lipid-soluble hormones are true except: • a. have relatively long half-lives • b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes • c. have half-lives that increase and decrease slowly • d. regulate activities that have a long duration ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  27. Transport and Metabolism: $300 Answer • These statements about these lipid-soluble hormones are true except: • a. have relatively long half-lives • b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes • c. have half-lives that increase and decrease slowly • d. regulate activities that have a long duration BACK TO GAME

  28. Transport and Metabolism: $400 Question • This process makes hormones less active or increases elimination by attaching water-soluble molecules such as sulfate or glucuronic acid groups to them in the liver: • a. active transport • b. conjugation • c. excretion • d. metabolism ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  29. Transport and Metabolism: $400 Answer • This process makes hormones less active or increases elimination by attaching water-soluble molecules such as sulfate or glucuronic acid groups to them in the liver: • a. active transport • b. conjugation • c. excretion • d. metabolism BACK TO GAME

  30. Transport and Metabolism: $500 Question • A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified by the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly, thus making its half-life very short. A patient that has liver and kidney disease would see this effect: • a. the hormone is not modified and excreted rapidly • b. increases blood levels of this hormone • c. concentration remains high for a longer time • d. decreases blood levels of this hormone • e. a, b and c ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  31. Transport and Metabolism: $500 Answer • A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified by the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly, thus making its half-life very short. A patient that has liver and kidney disease would see this effect: • a. the hormone is not modified and excreted rapidly • b. increases blood levels of this hormone • c. concentration remains high for a longer time • d. decreases blood levels of this hormone • e. a, b and c BACK TO GAME

  32. Receptors:$100 Question • Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipid-soluble hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  33. Receptors:$100 Answer • Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipid-soluble hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors. • True/False BACK TO GAME

  34. Receptors: $200 Question • Intracellular hormone receptors are found here: • a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of target cells • b. in the nucleus • c. in the mitochondria • d. in the endoplasmic reticulum • e. both a and b ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  35. Receptors: $200 Answer • Intracellular hormone receptors are found here: • a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of target cells • b. in the nucleus • c. in the mitochondria • d. in the endoplasmic reticulum • e. both a and b BACK TO GAME

  36. Receptors: $300 Question • Given these events:1. cAMP is synthesized.2. The a subunit of G protein is activated.3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP. • Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after a chemical signal binds to a receptor. • a. 1,2,3 c. 2,1,3 • b. 1,3,2 d. 2,3,1 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  37. Receptors: $300 Answer • Given these events:1. cAMP is synthesized.2. The a subunit of G protein is activated.3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP. • Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after a chemical signal binds to a receptor. • a. 1,2,3 c. 2,1,3 • b. 1,3,2 d. 2,3,1 BACK TO GAME

  38. Receptors: $400 Question • These statements describe chemical signals binding to membrane-bound receptors except: • a. DNA produces mRNA • b. G proteins are activated • c. the receptor-hormone complex causes ion channels to open or close • d. the chemical signal is usually a large, water-soluble molecule • e. the cell's response is fast ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  39. Receptors: $400 Answer • These statements describe chemical signals binding to membrane-bound receptors except: • a. DNA produces mRNA • b. G proteins are activated • c. the receptor-hormone complex causes ion channels to open or close • d. the chemical signal is usually a large, water-soluble molecule • e. the cell's response is fast BACK TO GAME

  40. Receptors:$500 Question • Intracellular receptors are better adapted for mediating responses that last a relatively long time due to this: • a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the cytoplasm • b. cAMP is broken down quickly • c. mRNA is synthesized • d. synthesis of new proteins • e. c and d ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  41. Receptors:$500 Answer • Intracellular receptors are better adapted for mediating responses that last a relatively long time due to this: • a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the cytoplasm • b. cAMP is broken down quickly • c. mRNA is synthesized • d. synthesis of new proteins • e. c and d BACK TO GAME

  42. Grab Bag:$100 Question • If there is a decrease in the specific plasma protein to which a hormone binds, this occurs: • a. more free hormone occurs • b. less hormone binds to target cells • c. blood levels of the hormone increase • d. all of these ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  43. Grab Bag: $100 Answer • If there is a decrease in the specific plasma protein to which a hormone binds, this occurs: • a. more free hormone occurs • b. less hormone binds to target cells • c. blood levels of the hormone increase • d. all of these BACK TO GAME

  44. Grab Bag: $200 Question • Down-regulation occurs because of this: • a. both hormone and receptor are taken into the cell by phagocytosis • b. receptor molecules are degraded more quickly • c. there is a decrease in the rate of receptor synthesis • d. all of these ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  45. Grab Bag: $200 Answer • Down-regulation occurs because of this: • a. both hormone and receptor are taken into the cell by phagocytosis • b. receptor molecules are degraded more quickly • c. there is a decrease in the rate of receptor synthesis • d. all of these BACK TO GAME

  46. Grab Bag: $300 Question • This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule: • a. cAMP • b. cGMP • c. ADH • d. DAG • e. IP3 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  47. Grab Bag: $300 Answer • This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule: • a. cAMP • b. cGMP • c. ADH • d. DAG • e. IP3 BACK TO GAME

  48. Grab Bag: $400 Question • A hormone controls the concentration of some substance in the circulatory system. A tumor begins to produce that substance in large amounts in an uncontrolled fashion. The secretion rate for the hormone would: • a. increase by positive feedback • b. decrease by negative feedback • c. decrease by positive feedback • c. stay the same ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  49. Grab Bag: $400 Answer • A hormone controls the concentration of some substance in the circulatory system. A tumor begins to produce that substance in large amounts in an uncontrolled fashion. The secretion rate for the hormone would: • a. increase by positive feedback • b. decrease by negative feedback • c. decrease by positive feedback • c. stay the same BACK TO GAME

  50. Grab Bag: $500 Question • Given these events:1. activation of cAMP2. activation of genes3. enzyme activity altered • These events can occur when a hormone binds to an intracellular hormone receptor: • a. 1 c. 2,3 • b. 1,2 d. 1,2,3 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

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