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Aquatic Ecology and Endocrine Disruption

Ecological Effects of Endocrine Disruption: Quantifying Generational Effects David Walker, PhD University of Arizona. David Walker 1 , Nick Paretti 2 , Gail Cordy 2 , Timothy S. Gross 3 , Edward T. Furlong 4 , Steven D. Zaugg 4 Dana W. Kolpin 5 , and Dennis McIntosh 6

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Aquatic Ecology and Endocrine Disruption

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  1. Ecological Effects of Endocrine Disruption: Quantifying Generational EffectsDavid Walker, PhDUniversity of Arizona David Walker1,Nick Paretti2, Gail Cordy2, Timothy S. Gross3, Edward T. Furlong4, Steven D. Zaugg4 Dana W. Kolpin5, and Dennis McIntosh6 1University of Arizona, Environmental Research Laboratory, 2601 E. Airport Dr., Tucson, AZ 85706 dwalker@ag.arizona.edu 2USGS., WRD, 520 N. Park Ave, Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 nvp@email.arizona.edu 3 USGS-Florida Caribbean Science Center, 7920 NW 71st St., Gainesville Florida, 32653 tim_s_gross@usgs.gov 4 USGS, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25046, MS 407, Lakewood, CO 80225-0046 efurlong@usgs.gov 5 USGS, WRD, P.O. Box 1230, Iowa City, IA 52240 dwkolpin@usgs.gov 6 Delaware State University, 1200 N. DuPont Highway Dover, DE 19901 dmcintosh@desu.edu

  2. Aquatic Ecology and Endocrine Disruption • An organisms ability to better-exploit a resource (or group of resources) in the face of environmental stress and inter-specific competition, coupled with conservation of the genetic material enabling this exploitation, is what drives speciation.

  3. Genetic conservation of traits is initiated, and sustained by, subtle behavioral cues for mating, spawning, aggression, territoriality, avoidance, etc.

  4. Quantification and Research Design Issues; One Size Does Not Fit All Genetic Mechanistic Understanding Biochemical Physiological Histopathological Behavioral Immunological Reproductive Bioenergetic Assemblages Populations Ecological Significance

  5. Unlike semi-arid or north-temperate regions, effluent-dependent water’s (EDW’s) in arid regions usually contain 100% effluent year-round.

  6. Tucson Santa Cruz River Roger Road WWTP

  7. This Study • Laboratory study with control, replication, and randomization. • Use fish native to the region (largely pollution-tolerant). • Concentrate on long-term, persistent compounds.

  8. Morphology epitomizes adaptations to living in turbid, flashy rivers with extremes in environmental conditions. • Pollution-tolerant • Omnivorous, adults grow to 2 feet in length. • Large enough to survive multiple venipuncture events. • Readily available supply from USFWS Deter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center

  9. Control Control Treatment Treatment

  10. Water temperature maintained between 25-29o C. Photoperiod was maintained at 12 hours of light and dark

  11. Treatment/Dosages • Fish in raceways exposed for 3 months per treatment • 1st treatment = 1/3 by volume treated ww and 2/3 water treated by RO • 2nd treatment = 2/3 by volume treated ww and 1/3 water treated by RO • 3rd treatment = full strength treated ww

  12. Results in µg/L

  13. Males 11-ketotestosterone (pg/mL) Control (n = 6): = 820.8 Treatment (n = 13):=473.5 17β-estradiol (pg/mL) Control (n = 6): 217.3 Treatment (n = 13):= 547.4 Vitellogenin (mg/mL Control (n = 6): = 0.09 Treatment (n = 13):= 0.32 P = 0.0016 P = 0.021 P = 0.036

  14. Females 11-ketotestosterone (pg/mL) Control (n = 54): 591.3 Treatment (n = 47):530.4 17β-estradiol (pg/mL) Control (n = 54): 568.2 Treatment (n = 47): 403.7 Vitellogenin (mg/mL) Control (n = 54): 0.18 Treatment (n = 47): 0.18 P = 0.986 P = 0.286 P = 0.001

  15. Control Males Treatment Males

  16. Control Females Treatment Females

  17. We believe this study is highly representative of the biological effect of endocrine-disrupting compounds on aquatic organisms at the landscape scale.

  18. This study quantified hormonal impairment; but not fertility or fecundity

  19. New (Ongoing) Research • Repeat design. • Quantify impairment following a 4 month exposure . • Aromatase (?),GnRh, GtH I and II, steroidal hormones, protein development, GSI, HSI, and histology. • Provide environmental stimuli for spawning. • Collect eggs and quantify fertility and fecundity of parent generation.

  20. F1 generation grown in effluent for one year for the determination of sex ratio and hormonal/morphological change. • Compounds identified using POCIS and SPMD (David Alvarez/USGS-CERC). • Sperm quality (Jill Jenkins/USGS)

  21. Summary • Biomarkers infer reproductive impairment, they don’t quantify it. • Physiological impairment can occur without morphological change. • Bio-indicator species selection should be ecosystem and objective-specific.

  22. Acknowledgements USFWS Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center. USGS Toxics and Hydrology Program This work was supported by State of Arizona funding, through the Technology and Research Initiative..

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