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Aquatic Ecology

Aquatic Ecology. Chapter 6. Coral Reefs. What do coral reefs require? Answer – dissolved oxygen, light and nutrients What threatens coral reefs? (3) Chemical pollution, global warming, extra UV from ozone hole, excess sediment from rivers (soil erosion), human contact. Coral Reefs.

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Aquatic Ecology

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  1. Aquatic Ecology Chapter 6

  2. Coral Reefs • What do coral reefs require? • Answer – dissolved oxygen, light and nutrients • What threatens coral reefs? (3) • Chemical pollution, global warming, extra UV from ozone hole, excess sediment from rivers (soil erosion), human contact

  3. Coral Reefs • What percent of reefs is estimated to be destroyed by human intervention? • 10 percent • What about estuaries and wetlands? • About 50%(US) through filling, sewage, runoff pollution, and diversion

  4. Categories of organisms • Floating algae – phytoplankton • Swimming microscopic and macroscopic organisms – zooplankton • Fish – nekton • Tube worms, crabs - benthos

  5. Reasons oxygen varies in water • Number of consumers (respiration) • Number of producers (photosynthesis) • Temperature (cold holds more) • Turgidity (rough water dissolves more) • Number of decomposers (bacteria can take up a lot of oxygen)

  6. Salt water areas • What zone is on the continental shelf? • - the coastal zone • What area exhibits variable temperature and salinity • - Estuaries • Where would you find a mangrove? • - tropical coastal estuaries

  7. Fig. 7.7, p. 157

  8. Salt water areas • What is the dim or twilight area of the open sea called? • - bathyal zone • What is the area with the highest photosynthetic rate in the sea called? • - euphotic zone

  9. Fresh water areas • Where does photosynthesis take place in lakes? • - the limnetic zone, of course! • Where do fish who like cool, dark water reside? • - the profundal zone • Where do the worms live? • -the benthic zone

  10. Sunlight Painted turtle Green frog Blue-winged teal Muskrat Pond snail Littoral zone Limnetic zone Diving beetle Plankton Profundal zone Benthic zone Bloodworms Northern pike Yellow perch Fig. 7.14, p. 165

  11. Nutrient levels in lakes • A newly formed, nutrient poor lake is? • - Oligotrophic • A mature and nutrient rich lake is? • - eutrophic • A middle aged and moderately nutrient rich (normal) lake is? • - mesotrophic

  12. Sunlight Much shore vegetation Much shore vegetation Wide littoral zone High concentration of nutrition and plankton Limnetic zone Dense fish population Gently sloping shorelines Salt, sand, clay bottom Eutrophic Lake Fig. 7.15b, p. 166

  13. Sunlight Narrow littoral zone Little shore vegetation Low concentration of nutrition and plankton Limnetic zone Profundal zone Steeply sloping shorelines Sparce fish population Sand, gravel, rock bottom Oligotrophic Lake Fig. 7.15a, p. 166

  14. Overturn • When does overturn happen is a lake? • When the weather changes from warm to cold, or cold to warm, so in spring and fall • Which season produces the most profound thermoclines? • summer

  15. 22˚ 4˚ 20˚ 4˚ Epilimnion 18˚ 4˚ 8˚ 4˚ 6˚ 4˚ Hypolimnion 5˚ 4˚C 4˚C Thermocline Summer Fall overturn 4˚ 0˚ 4˚ 2˚ 4˚ 4˚ 4˚ 4˚ 4˚ 4˚ 4˚C 4˚C Winter Spring overturn Fig. 7.16, p. 167 Dissolved O2 concentration High Medium Low

  16. It’s okay to destroy when? • If you ruin a wetland for agriculture (the number one reason), what says you have to build a new one somewhere else? • Mitigation banking – it is an agreement to restore or create new in another location whatever wetlands you ruin

  17. Rain and snow Lake Rapids Glacier Waterfall Tributary Flood plain Oxbow lake Salt marsh Ocean Delta Deposited sediment Source Zone Transition Zone Water Flood-Plain Zone Sediment Fig. 7.17, p. 168

  18. Say hello to my little friends

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