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CE Architectural Engineering – Overview

CE Architectural Engineering – Overview. Presented to the Civil Engineering Advisory Council April 13, 2012 Prepared by Architectural Engineering emphasis area Faculty of CE. Architectural Engineering at Purdue.

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CE Architectural Engineering – Overview

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  1. CE Architectural Engineering – Overview Presented to the Civil Engineering Advisory Council April 13, 2012 Prepared by Architectural Engineering emphasis area Faculty of CE

  2. Architectural Engineering at Purdue • The Architectural Engineering emphasis area is focused on integrated design and operation of buildings • It includes all engineering aspects related to the built environment - mechanical systems (HVAC), electrical and lighting systems, building envelope, indoor environment • Multi-disciplinary Research and Education

  3. Motivation and Objectives • Buildings in the U.S. – 1/3 of the total energy use • Architectural Engineers have a critical task for the following decades Purdue CE students: • Study the integration of different building systems and • Learn how to design for sustainability and energy efficiency

  4. Funding sources • US Department of Energy • National Science Foundation • American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and A/C Engineers • US Geological Society (Department of Interior) • Electric Power Research Institute Purdue Research Foundation Herrick Foundation Kawneer (Alcoa) Lutron Electronics Viracon Tecumseh Ingersoll-Rand/Trane Carrier Emerson Climate Technologies Purdue Physical Facilities Ecothermics Grundfos Pumps Dow Chemical

  5. Student Awards • Yin Hang (advisor M. Qu) won the prestigious D. N. Chorafas Foundation Award 2011, Civil Engineering Best Thesis Awards 2011, ASHRAE graduate fellowship 2012

  6. Prof. Jacko – CE 498 Senior Design - Fall 2012

  7. Lighting, Electrical Geotechnical Construction Structures Energy modeling Heat/mass Transport HVAC Building envelopes Architectural Engineering Emphasis Area ArchE focus Renewable energy Systems integration

  8. What do Architectural Engineers do? Design high performance buildings and building systems Estimate building performance from the early design stage Supervise building systems operation Evaluate existing building system conditions and retrofit opportunities

  9. Design Functions Preliminary and detailed building design Calculate, analyze, and select devices and building equipment Evaluate building performance according to standards and energy efficiency targets

  10. ArchE Graduate Program Statistics 24 graduate students currently enrolled Graduated: 2011: 6 MS 2012: 10 MS, 3 PhD

  11. ArchE Graduates – Employment (sample)

  12. Architectural Engineering Courses at Purdue Architectural Engineering CE 311 Building envelope design and thermal loads CE 413 – ME 497 Building Mechanical and Electrical System Design CE 414 – ME 497 Lighting Buildings CE 513 Building Controls CE 514 – ME 597 Building Energy Audits CE 515 – ME 597 Sustainable Building Design, Construction and Operation CE 597 Analysis of Thermal Systems ME 518 Indoor Environment ME 502 Solar Energy Engineering ME 597 Noise and Acoustics ME 413 Thermal Analysis of Buildings CE 697 Airflow in the Built Environment CE 697

  13. Minor in Architectural Engineering • The Minor is focused on high performance buildings requiring 18 crs (6 courses). • Required (4) courses (12 crs): • CE 311 Architectural Engineering • CE 413 Building Envelope Design and Thermal Loads • CE 414 Building Mechanical and Electrical System Design • CE 513 Lighting and Daylighting in Buildings • Elective (2) courses (6 crs) from the following list: • CE 371 Structural Analysis I • CE 479 Design of Building Components and Systems • CE 514 Building Controls • CE 515 Building Energy Audits • CE 597 Sustainable Building Design, Construction and Operation • ME 518 Analysis of Thermal Systems • ME 502 Indoor Environment Analysis and Design • ME 597 Solar Energy Engineering

  14. Architectural Engineering Research at Purdue • Design of energy-efficient buildings • Residential/commercial/office/industrial • Improve building energy performance/operation • HVAC systems • Building envelope and facades • Lighting and daylighting • Indoor environment and human comfort • Sustainable and green technologies • Renewable energy systems (solar/wind) • Building energy modeling/simulation • Collaboration between Civil/Mechanical/ Electrical Engineering & Herrick Labs • Interdisciplinary Research

  15. International Conferences Organization • Herrick Conferences in 2010 and 2012 • All 4 faculty members are in the organizing committee • Thanos Tzempelikos: - Chair, 1st and 2nd International High Performance Buildings Conference • Travis Horton: - Chair, 20th and 21st International Compressor Engineering Conference • More than 600 participants from industry and academia

  16. Thanos Tzempelikos Research overview

  17. Research Areas • Integrated thermal and lighting analysis of perimeter building zones • Indoor environment • High performance building envelopes and dynamic facades • Daylighting, electric lighting design & control • Passive/active solar technologies • Building energy modeling & simulation

  18. Perimeter Office Zones

  19. Lighting and Daylighting Simulation Models

  20. Active Facades – Flexible Construction and Controls

  21. Architectural Engineering Labs - Bowen Commercial advanced facades research Daylighting & lighting controls Integration with HVAC systems Building envelope research

  22. Multi-functional Building Envelopes

  23. Center for High Performance Buildings at Purdue$12M NIST grant - $23M total

  24. Travis Horton Research overview

  25. Integrated Building Research Thrusts Geothermal heat pumps and system modeling Low-energy data center cooling Combined heat & power systems Separate sensible and latent cooling Alternative Technologies ImprovedHVAC&R Secondary loop systems Cold climate heat pumps Geothermal power production Radiant heating and cooling systems Free-cooling opportunities at the campus level Change point energy analysis Discrete and continuous optimization algorithms Deep retrofit solutions Building Retrofits Building Modeling & Optimization Inverse modeling techniques Optimization of low income housing Total building commissioning process Reduced order modeling Building energy auditing

  26. Optimization of Low Income Housing • Objective: Develop tools and methodologies to consider trade-offs between first cost (materials) and operating cost (energy utilities) for a typical Habitat for Humanities home • Considered • * 12 parameters: • Roof and attic, external wall type & • construction, floor and foundation, • A/C & furnace efficiencies • * 79 total variables • * 5x108 possible combinations in the design space • * Studies performed for each of 5 different • locations (climate zones) around the U.S.

  27. Thermal Systems Research Thrusts Gas cycle analysis: Ericsson, Stirling, &reversed Brayton Expansion work recovery: expanders, ejectors Heatexchangeranalysis Absorption, adsorption,& combined cycle analysis Alternative Technologies ImprovedComponents Transcritical CO2-cycle technology Evaluation of novel compressionconcepts Condenser Naturalrefrigerants Compressor modeling, performance testing, design optimization Expansion Device Evaluation of alternate working fluids Compressor Evaporator Secondary looprefrigeration systems ImprovedSystems ORC with solution circuit Waste HeatRecovery Inverse modeling techniques Steady-state and transient system simulation models Liquid-flooded expansion engines Organic Rankine Cycle Flooded compression technology

  28. Modeling of Flooded Compression System Schematic for a liquid-flooded cold climate heat pump:

  29. Waste Heat Recovery The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with flooded expansion and internal regeneration operates with two separate fluid loops. Zero superheat at turbine inlet and potential for regeneration after turbine outlet account for improvements in efficiency.

  30. Panagiota Karava Research overview

  31. Research Interests • Integrated modeling, testing, design, analysis, and control of advanced building systems • Emphasis on annual energy and peak load reduction, comfort delivery and on-site renewable energy production • Expertise on coupled thermal and airflow modeling and simulation • Current research projects • Mixed-mode cooling in buildings • Building-integrated Photovoltaic-thermal systems, BIPV/T

  32. Mixed-mode Cooling - Considerations • Total energy demand; • Peak load demand; • Air temperature • Relative humidity • Solar radiation • Building geometry • Airflow modeling Motorized exhaust grilles (5.4 m²) Corridors leading to SE façade motorized inlet grilles (1.4 m²/floor) • Opening configuration; • Supplementary fan; • Air flow rate and temperature; • Space dimensions; • Embedded mass in building structures; • Façade orientation; • Window ratio; • Shading devices; Air return Air Supply • Load profile • Climate Motorized atria connecting floor grilles ( 4 m2) Corridors leading to NW façade motorized inlet grilles (1.4 m²/floor)

  33. Mixed-mode Cooling – Model-predictive Controls Dynamic model and system constraints (MATLAB and Fluent) Control disturbance Reduced-order model: parameter identification Weather forecast Detailed prediction model CFD ES Internal heat gain prediction TMY NOAA “Online” “Offline” “Online” “Offline” Optimization problem (GenOpt) Performance criteria Measurement Sequence of future control inputs Building Energy use Comfort

  34. PV/T Systems Integrated with Solar-Air Collectors • Key concepts: • Thermal management and heat recovery • Combined thermal/electrical efficiency • End energy-use (building energy systems integration)

  35. Reducing the Total System Cost of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics Modeling for design optimization and building integration of the next generation Dow POWERHOUSE™ Solar Shingle

  36. Ming Qu Research overview

  37. Research Interests • Modeling, Operation, Test, System Simulation and System Optimization of Solar Absorption Cooling and Heating Systems • Sustainable Building Design, Operation, and Simulation • Innovative Energy Efficiency Research in Building Energy Supply and HVAC systems • Building Control and Integration • Building Investment Decision

  38. Solar Cooling and Heating Research Lab • Double effect absorption chiller • High temperature stationary solar collectors

  39. LCA E3 Optimization Economy Multi-objective Optimization Energy Environment • Life cycle energy, economic, and environmental assessment for SACH system supported by NSF • New Methodology for System Assessment and Optimization

  40. CCHP & Data Center • Experimental data based evaluation of energy, economic, and environmental performance for CCHP systems for Qualcomm data center at San Diego

  41. Building controls • CO2-based Demand Controlled Ventilation

  42. Solar Collector Optical analysis • Optical Analysis of external compound parabolic solar collector

  43. Thank you for your attention

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