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Diver First Responder (DFR) Module C: Diving Emergencies 2 Non-DCI

Diver First Responder (DFR) Module C: Diving Emergencies 2 Non-DCI. DFR Course. In Module C: we will Cover. Non-Pressure Related Emergencies Dive Site Accident Management Gas toxicity Near drowning Minor barotrauma Good diving practise. Common Terminology. Dive Site Accident Management.

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Diver First Responder (DFR) Module C: Diving Emergencies 2 Non-DCI

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  1. Diver First Responder (DFR)Module C: Diving Emergencies 2Non-DCI

  2. DFR Course

  3. In Module C: we will Cover • Non-Pressure Related Emergencies • Dive Site Accident Management • Gas toxicity • Near drowning • Minor barotrauma • Good diving practise

  4. Common Terminology

  5. Dive SiteAccident Management

  6. Dive Site Accident Management • Be aware of all symptoms • An unwell diver should exit the water • Presume illness is dive-related • Have 02 and emergency kit to hand • Alert Emergency Medical Services (EMS) • Dial 999 or 112 or VHF Channel 16

  7. Treatment of the Injured or Ill Diver • Get diver back on boat or ashore • If altered consciousness on surfacing, ensure jacket inflated & weights removed • Loosen tight clothing • History / examination – Symptoms / signs • What is the key problem /condition …? • Monitor A-B-C / Administer 100% oxygen • Alert EMS

  8. Role of Cox’n in an Emergency • Ensure VHF radio is working and listen in • Ensure EMS is alerted • Know your exact position • Follow instructions of EMS • Ensure a record is kept

  9. Gas Toxicity Oxygen (02) Nitrogen (N2) Carbon Dioxide (C02) Carbon Monoxide (CO)

  10. Oxygen (02) Toxicity (hyperoxia) • Oxygen at partial pressure >1.6 bar is toxic • Poisonous to various body tissues - especially the brain and nervous tissues • First Aid O2 delivered at 1 bar is safe

  11. Oxygen (02) Toxicity (hyperoxia) • Symptoms (CONVENTID) CON Convulsions V Visual disturbances/Tunnel vision E Ears ringing (Tinnitus) N Nausea T Tingling or twitching (facial) I Irritability D Dizziness or vertigo • Signs (two phases) • Tonic phase: the muscles “tone” or stiffen • Clonic phase: the muscles start to jerk

  12. Oxygen (02) Toxicity (hyperoxia) • Treatment Underwater • If trained/familiar with the procedure, provide breathing gas with correct ppO2 • Bring to the surface • Attempt lift after ‘Tonic’ phase has passed • Treatment on Surface • Monitor ABC / Administer 100% oxygen • Alert Emergency Medical Services (EMS)

  13. Nitrogen (N2) Narcosis • Increased ppN2 causes a form of ‘narcosis’ or intoxication • Symptoms • Elation / false sense of well-being / sight and sound altered • Feeling of unease, panic/fear • Signs • Unusual behaviour / Loss of judgement and dexterity • Panic / stupor and/or unconsciousness • Diver’s subsequent actions may lead to injury or drowning • Treatment • Ascend to a shallower depth – or to the surface if necessary

  14. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Toxicity • C0 is produced when carbon is incompletely burned; fuels such as wood, petrol or diesel • Enters through lungs; delivered to blood • Red blood cells pick up CO instead of oxygen • Haemoglobin attracts CO 250 times more than oxygen • CO inhibits blood oxygenation and distribution to organs

  15. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Toxicity • Symptoms • Breathlessness on exertion/ fatigue, nausea headaches • Vertigo / noises in the ears • ‘Pins and needles’ / confusion and disorientation • Signs • Loss of consciousness without warning / red lips • Respiratory arrest

  16. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Toxicity • Treatment • Monitor ABC’s / 100% Oxygen / Contact EMS if necessary • Monitor all divers who used same air source • Retain cylinder for inspection • Medical assessment and hyperbaric oxygen

  17. Carbon Dioxide Poisoning (Hypercapnia) re-inhalation of C02 • CO2 is a natural by-product of metabolism • High concentrations of CO2 can displace oxygen in the air • Hypoxia may be combined with CO2 toxicity • Hypercapnia may exacerbate conditions: narcosis, Hypothermia, DCI • Symptoms • Headache / confusion / disorientation / lethargy • Signs • Panic / hyperventilation / convulsions / unconsciousness • Treatment • Remove from source, i.e. surface / abort dive • Monitor ABC’s / Administer 100% oxygen / alert EMS

  18. Near Drowning

  19. Near Drowning Near drowning ...... ..... the survival of a drowning event involving unconsciousness or water inhalation ...... ..... can lead to serious secondary complications, including death, after the event ...... There may be deterioration later – important to closely monitor patient closely following event

  20. Near Drowning • Symptoms • Respiratory distress: cough, wheeze, shortness of breath • Signs • Altered consciousness / Cyanosis: grey/blue skin • Froth around lips and nose • Respiratory arrest • Nothing initially… • Treatment • Remove from water, discontinue activity, check for other injuries, keep warm • Monitor ABC’s / 100% oxygen / Alert EMS • Hospitalise for observation - ‘secondary drowning’

  21. This slide for info only: • PHECC Clinical Practice Guidelines • [CPG] • SUBMERSION INCIDENT • For use by trained: • EMT • PARAMEDIC • ADVANCED PARAMEDIC

  22. Other Pressure Related Illness • DENTAL BAROTRAUMA • Loose fillings, badly fitting crown – pain on ascent / descent • Regular dental visits / check-ups • EAR PROBLEMS • Caused by mucus build-up, cold, perforation in ear drum • Don’t dive if you have a cold/infection • Visit GP if problems persist

  23. Prevention - Good Diving Practise • DOD: dive planning • Location/profile planned • Maintain dive log • Fly ‘A’ Diving Flag during dive • Brief all re emergency procedures • Monitor location of divers throughout dive

  24. Safety at Sea • Plan your dive – dive your plan • Tides / charts / weather • Contingency and emergency plans • First aid and oxygen kits • SMB’s / hi-visibility clothing / flares / lights • Whistles / sound generators • In an Emergency: Channel 16: Tel 999 or 112

  25. Module C: Diving Emergencies 2 • We have covered • Dive accident site management • Gas toxicity • Near drowning • Minor barotrauma • Prevention - good diving practise

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