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Treatment Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management (Chapter 44)

Treatment Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management (Chapter 44). Robert F. Peschel, P.E. Federal Environmental Regulatory Overview. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES. Introduction Review Types of Wastes Overview of Treatment Technologies Filtration Neutralization Chemical Precipitation

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Treatment Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management (Chapter 44)

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  1. Treatment Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management (Chapter 44) Robert F. Peschel, P.E. Federal Environmental Regulatory Overview

  2. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES • Introduction • Review Types of Wastes • Overview of Treatment Technologies • Filtration • Neutralization • Chemical Precipitation • Reduction and Oxidation • Biological Treatment • Thermal Treatment Processes • Chemical Fixation and Solidification • Other Physical/Chemical

  3. INTRODUCTION • Generators and Treatment, Storage & Disposal Facilities (TSDF) • Licensing - RCRA, TSCA • Permitting - CWA Categorical Industry • Local Limits - MMSD Chapter 11 • Remediation - CERCLA or Similar Cleanup • Improve Process/Reduce/Recycle • Physical Treatment • Chemical Treatment

  4. INTRODUCTION • Factors • Nature of Waste Stream(s) • Process Effectiveness • Dependability • Health and Safety • Economics • Flexibility • Public Exposure - Air, Water, Land Disposal • Future Regulation

  5. REVIEW OF TYPES OF WASTES • Characteristic • Ignitability (D001) - f.p. <140oF • Corrosivity (D002) - pH <2 or >12.5 • Reactivity (D003) Reacts Violently w/H2O • Toxicity (D004 - D043) TCLP Concentrations

  6. REVIEW OF TYPES OF WASTES (cont.) • Listed • Non-Specific Source (F) • Specific Source (K) • Acute (P) • Toxic (U) • Mixtures - Listed w/Non-Haz • Declared by Generator

  7. FILTRATION • Process Description - Porous medium subjected to pressure gradient such as gravity or pumping • Applications • Remove Particulates • Polishing Step • Molecular Separation - UF, RO • Limitations

  8. FILTRATION (cont.) • Example Treatment • Cartridge • Sand / Dual with Carbon • Advancing Media • Vacuum Filter • Membrane Technology

  9. NEUTRALIZATION (pH ADJUSTMENT) • Process Description - Reaction Between Acid and Base • Acids dissociates in solution to produce a proton (H+) • Bases accept a proton HNO3 + Na OH ÿ NaNO3 + H2O + heat • Titration Curve • Applications • Discharge Limits - pH 6-9 • Metals Precipitation/Solubility • Chrome Reduction

  10. NEUTRALIZATION (pH ADJUSTMENT) (cont.) • Example Treatment • Reaction tanks with mixing of reagent • Sulfuric acid - raise pH • Sodium hydroxide - lower pH

  11. CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION • Process Description - Chemical reaction to change soluble to insoluble form. Solids separated by settling and/or filtration • Applications • Hydroxide Precipitation for Metals M+2 + 2(OH-) ÿ M(OH2)9 • Chelated Wastes • Other

  12. CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION (cont.) • Example Treatment • Batch System • Continuous System

  13. REDUCTION AND OXIDATION (REDOX) • Process Description • LEO the Lion Goes GER • Pretreatment step followed by precipitation or fixation • ORP Control • Applications • Cyanide Destruction w/Alkaline Chlorination • Chrome Reduction - Hexavalent (+6) to Trivalent (+3) • Phenols

  14. REDUCTION AND OXIDATION (REDOX) (cont.) • Example Treatment • Redox Reaction Systems • Hydrogen Peroxide • Ozone/UV

  15. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT • Process Description - Bacteria breakdown and detoxification of organic materials, measured as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) • Aerobic (use of oxygen) • Anaerobic (absence of oxygen) • Applications • POTWs - Domestic, storm water, industrial • Pulp and Paper • Food Processing - Dairy, Brewing, Candy • Hydrocarbon and other organic compounds

  16. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT (cont.) • Example Treatment • Activated Sludge • Lagoons • Trickling Filters • Anaerobic Digestion

  17. THERMAL TREATMENT PROCESSES • Process Description - Thermal decomposition by oxidation to primarily reduce carbonaceous matter • Products are CO2, H2O, ash, heat • Waste delivery, combustion, gas scrubbing, ash, energy recovery • Applications • VOCs • Hydrocarbons • PCBs • Pesticides, Herbicides

  18. THERMAL TREATMENT PROCESSES (cont.) • Example Treatment • Multiple Hearth • Fluidized Bed • Liquid Incinerators • Kilns • Industrial Boilers

  19. OTHER PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL • Air Stripping (BAB) • Oil/Water Separation • Settling • Dissolved Air Flotation • Multiple Unit Processes

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