1 / 44

Production of Strawberries in Florida

Production of Strawberries in Florida. Monica Cooper. Field Preparation. Clear all debris Construct raised beds Fumigate 2 weeks later, set transplants (15-16 in.) Transplant selection early season yield 3 varieties/field ‘Sweet Charlie’ & ‘Camarosa’.

maine
Download Presentation

Production of Strawberries in Florida

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Production of Strawberries in Florida Monica Cooper

  2. Field Preparation • Clear all debris • Construct raised beds • Fumigate • 2 weeks later, set transplants (15-16 in.) • Transplant selectionearly season yield • 3 varieties/field • ‘Sweet Charlie’ & ‘Camarosa’

  3. Gulf Coast Research & Education CenterDover, FL

  4. The Pathogens • Botrytis cinerea • Colletotrichum acutatum • Colletotrichum gloeosporioides • Colletotrichum fragariae • Xanthomonas fragariae • Sphaerotheca macularis

  5. Gray mold • Botrytis cinerea • Small, firm, light brown spots • Fruit eventually covered with gray mass of mycelium • Invades blossoms, then infects maturing fruit • Postharvest

  6. Management • Leaf sanitation & plant spacing • Cultivars with smaller calyxes • Partially resistant cultivars • Biological controls • Treat transplants • Broad spectrum fungicide on weekly basis • Iprodione during peak bloom periods

  7. Postharvest: • Avoid overripe or damaged fruit • Avoid injury • Cool fruit • Maintain in CO2 rich atmosphere

  8. Anthracnose fruit rot • Colletotrichum acutatum • Round, firm, sunken lesions on fruit • Pink, orange, salmon-colored spore masses • Favored by warm temperatures & rainfall • May cause serious losses in nursery

  9. Management practices • Avoidance • Resistance • Use minimal amounts of Nitrogen • Remove infected fruit from field • Captan or Thiram (protectant) • Quadris (azoxystrobin)

  10. Anthracnose crown rot • Colletotrichum gloeosporioides • Colletotrichum fragariae • Wilting & death • Temperature dependent • Warm weather & frequent rainfall • Reddish brown rot or streaking in the tissue of the crown

  11. Management • Preventative • End of season removal of inoculum • Resistant cultivars • Benlate (benomyl) • Topsin M (thiophanate-methyl)

  12. Angular leaf spot • Xanthomonas fragariae • Angular, water soaked leaf spots • Translucent lesions • Very resistant to desiccation • May become systemic

  13. Angular leaf spot • Prevention • No resistant commercial cultivars • Copper containing bactericides

  14. Sphaerotheca macularis • Powdery mildew • White, web-like growth • Undersides of leaves • Cool • High humidity • Severe in glasshouses & tunnels

  15. Management • Clean stock • Destroy leaves on which pathogen overseasons • Protectant fungicide • Resistant varieties (‘Sweet Charlie’)

  16. The Arthropod Pests • Twospotted spider mite • Armyworms • Thrips • Field cricket • Sap beetle

  17. Tetranychus urticae • 88% of growers • Warm, spring weather • Reduce yield • Blooms and developing fruit

  18. Spider mite • Clean transplants • Beneficial mites (30% of growers) • Miticides • undersides of leaves

  19. Fall & Southern Armyworms • Spodoptera fruqiperda • Spodoptera eridania • Larvae feed on fruit & leaves • Prefer young, developing leaves • Nocturnal

  20. Management practices • MonitoringSept. through Dec. • Bacillus thuringiensis • Methomyl

  21. Flower thrips • Frankliniella cephalica • Wind-borne • Rasp flowers • Mistaken for powdery mildew, spray burn damage

  22. Field cricket • Gryllus firmus & G. rubens • 2-5 months after beds covered • Nymphs & adults feed on crowns & scrape seeds from green fruits

  23. Scouting • Insecticides

  24. Sap beetle • Lobiopa insularis • Minor concern • Overripe, damaged berries • Disseminate fruit rot pathogens • Warm weather

  25. Management • Maintain sound fruit • Don’t leave overripe fruit in field • Harvest all areas of field • Scout • Insecticides, only in case of population explosion

  26. Beneficial Arthropods • Predaceous mite • Sixspotted thrips • Lady beetle larva • Minute pirate bug larva • Hover fly

  27. Phytoseiulus persimilis • Orange, shiny • Faster than spider mites • Specialized predator of webspinning spider mites • Careful in choice of insecticides

  28. Sixspotted thrips • Feeds on mites, other small arthropods • 3 dark spots on each forewing

  29. Minute pirate bug larva • Orius insidiosus • Thrips, mites, mite eggs, aphids

  30. Hover fly • Flower fly, syrphid fly • Mistaken for fruit fly • Distinguished by ability to hover & fly backwards • Adultpollinators • Larvaepredaceous on aphid

  31. Methyl bromide Methomyl (Lannate) Armyworm 65-80% acreage 3-5.2 times/season Fenbutatin-oxide Vendex Mite 31-61% acreage 1.7-4.8 times/season Abamectin (Agri-Mek) Mite 68-83% of acreage 2.5-3.4 times/season Diazinon Armyworm 24-35% of acreage 2.5-3.4 times/season Naled (Dibrom) 15% acreage 2.2-3.1 times/season Insecticides & Miticides

  32. More chemicals • Carbaryl (Sevin) • 11% of acreage • 2.6 times/season • Bacillus thuringiensis • When populations of worms low • 57-65% of acreage • 4.2-5.2 times/season

  33. Several grasses & broadleaf weeds Managed mainly by fumigation & plastic mulch Weeds problem in: Row middles Planting holes Perimeter of field Nutsedge: Most troublesome Not managed by plastic mulch Weeds

  34. Weed management • Cultivation of row middles • Hand weeding • Plastic mulches • Cover crops, sods, living mulches • Fallowing • Herbicides • Applied to row middles • Rotate herbicides due to changing weed population over 6-7 month season

  35. Herbicides • Paraquat (Gramoxone) • Postemergence • Annual broadleaf & grasses • Top kill of perennials • Non-selective, need shield to protect berries • 82-98% of acreage, 1.7-1.9 applications/season • Napropamide (Devrinol) • Annual grasses & broadleaf weeds • Not effective on established weeds • Not from bloom to harvest • 25% of acreage, 1.23 applications/season

  36. Sting Belonolaimus longicaudatus Root knot Meloidogyne spp. Foliar Aphelenchoides sp. Make plants more susceptible to: Drought Salt damage Other pathogens Fusarium sp. Pythium sp. Nematodes

  37. Sting nematode • Ectoparasite • Most damaging: • Nurseries • Transplants • Sandy soil • 25-30oC

  38. Symptoms: • Well defined borders • Dead transplants • Stunting, decline, dormancy • Browning of leaf edges • On roots: • Overall, coarse appearance • Tips injured • No new growth • Lack of feeder roots

  39. Sampling At end of growing season When soil damp, not soggy or dry 10-20 samples at depth of 6-10 inches Management practices: Preplant or postharvest Clean stock Destroy crop at end of season Fallowing with frequent tillage Cover crop Crop rotation Chemicalmost common Nematodes

  40. Methyl bromide • January 1, 2005 • Soil fumigant • Controls • Weeds • Nematodes • soil-borne pathogens & insects • Telone C-17 or C-35 with Devrinol • Telone EC • Mulches, cover crops

  41. Tunnel system • Decrease disease • Increase early season yields • Where water is limiting factor • ‘Sweet Charlie’

More Related