Usage of IT and electronic devices, and its structure, for community-dwelling elderly

1. Usage of IT and electronic devices, and its structure,for community-dwelling elderly Madoka Ogawa1, Hiroki Inagaki2 and Yasuyuki Gondo2 1 Obirin University Graduate School 2 Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology

2. Introduction • We are obtaining various profits by using IT and electronic devices in daily life. • Problem of “digital divide” • reduced peripheral sensory and cognitive function • insufficient literacy, few knowledge, uneasiness to use →The elderly people may not receive the benefit

3. Purpose • Development of a program to promote the use of the device in the elderly • We need to 1:Clarify the use of IT and electronic devices in the elderly 2:Classify the elderly in terms of their use of devices 3:Explore the background factors to promote and inhibit the use

4. Method • Participants • participated in the longitudinal survey (TMIG-LISA) • community elderly aged 64-89 years • sample of analysis Total 1,121：mean 73.7yr（SD=6.2yr） Men431：　　 73.5yr（SD=6.1yr） Women 690：　　 73.7yr（SD=6.3yr）

5. 21 IT and electronic devices • microwave oven • automatic washing machine • rice cooker • air-conditioning equipment • analog TV • radio • component stereo set • video tape/HDD/DVD recorder • answering machine • fax • cellular phone • ATM • digital TV • DVD player • video camera • digital camera • personal computer • word processor • Internet • L-mode • Internet bank

6. 【Question concerning use of IT and electronic devices】 • Q: Please answer how frequently do you use the device. • Answer: 4 choices • １）I think I use it well and have mastered it. • ２）I use it, but only its fundamental function. • ３）I’ve used it before, but have stopped using it now. • ４）I’ve never used it before. • Analysis • 1) or 2) = User • 3) or 4) = Non user

7. Analysis 1 Clarify the use of IT and electronic devices in the elderly.

8. Users ratio Users ratio

9. Classification of devices by cluster analysis Classical household appliances Quasi-household appliances+ATM IT and digital devices • microwave oven • automatic washing machine • rice cooker • air-conditioning equipment • analog TV • radio • component stereo set • video cassette /HDD /DVD recorder • answering machine • fax • cellular phone • ATM • digital TV • DVD player • video camera • digital camera • personal computer • word processor • Internet It analyzed it excluding two items with low users ratio.

10. Users ratio by sex and age group

11. Analysis 2 Classify the elderly in terms of their use of devices

12. Clustering participants based on use of devices • We classified the participants by cluster analysis based on the use of 19 devices. 　→5 groups emerged. • advanced group N=120 (11 %) • developing group N=167 (15 %) • stagnation group N=359 (32 %) • conservative group N=237 (21 %) • non-use group N=184 (16 %)

13. Use of devices among groups Average number of use

14. Average age among groups Average age

15. Men:Women ratio among groups Men:women ratio

16. Analysis 3 • Explore the background factors to promote and inhibit the use (This analysis is currently running) • To date • Educational year • Openness personality • Problem focused thinking style • Have statistically significant effect of group, even after considering the influence of age and sex

17. educational year ANCOVA ; age was used as Covariance

18. Personality－Openness ANCOVA ; age, educational year, and daily activity was used as Covariance

19. Problem-focused thinking score ANCOVA ; age, educational was used as Covariance

20. Summary • Classification of IT and electronic devices • Classical household appliances • Quasi-household appliances+ATM • IT and digital devices • Classification of the elderly • advanced group • developing group • stagnation group • conservative group • non-use group

21. Different background characteristics were observed among groups • Education • Openness personality • Problem focused thinking • Future plan • Further exploration background characteristics in detail among the groups • Development of a program to promote the use of IT and electronic devices for the groups that are not using IT and electronic devices

22. Thank you for your attention. Please speak slowly and clearly when you ask me questions.

23. Characteristics of classified elderly

24. 機器の普及率と年齢による変化

25. air-conditioning equipment analog TV microwave oven automatic washing machine cellular phone video tape recorder video camera Relation between present availability and diffusion

26. Solve the problem of the “digital divide” in the elderly. • Two important dimensions to remove • environmental barriers • development of interface for the elderly • psychological barriers • give the knowledge of the advantage to use • decrease uneasiness to use

27. Table1. Background characteristics of participants

28. Procedure • Trained investigator assessed each individuals （about one and a half hours） • Investigated period：from 2005.7 to 2006.2 • Measurement • Background：sex，age，education，career • Question concerning use of IT and electronic devices • Physical function：Barthel Index, TMIG Index of Competence etc. • Psychological function：PGC morale scale, NEO, Coping scale etc. • Cognitive function