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PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF KENYAN BASMATI RICE:DEVELOPMENT OF NEW BASMATI LINES

PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF KENYAN BASMATI RICE:DEVELOPMENT OF NEW BASMATI LINES. Faith Mwende. INTRODUCTION. Rice is the third most consumed cereal in Kenya after maize and wheat

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PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF KENYAN BASMATI RICE:DEVELOPMENT OF NEW BASMATI LINES

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  1. PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF KENYAN BASMATI RICE:DEVELOPMENT OF NEW BASMATI LINES Faith Mwende

  2. INTRODUCTION • Rice is the third most consumed cereal in Kenya after maize and wheat • Among the rice varieties in the country, Basmati rice is highly preferred by consumers due to its flavour and palatability • In Kenya, the quality of basmati has been declining as reflected by reduced aroma, poor grain quality and other unique characteristics

  3. The unique features of basmati are well preserved and maintained in their purest form in the traditional basmati varieties (Nagarajuet.al., 2002). The varieties are highly priced in both domestic and international markets.

  4. Traditional basmati characteristics • Average height-115cm, Maximum tillers-25 per hill • Thin and long stems • Pale green leaves • Open and long panicles • Long and strong brown awns • Early maturity (120 DAT) • Grains are: > Golden yellow (with husk) > Light brown, long, slender, half-spindle shaped > Elongate, non-sticky and soft to eat when cooked > Have a pleasant and distinct aroma DUS test Guidelines manual (Raniet. al., 2006) used in phenotypic analysis

  5. There was need to identify the basmati variant lines with desirable qualities, which commands a higher price in the market and increase its production. • This is particularly important since many families around Mwea rely on rice as their source of livelihood.

  6. Problem statement • The quality of basmati has been progressively declining as reflected by reduced aroma, poor grain quality, and lack of superior germplasm. • Limited research has been carried out on improving the basmati rice germplasm grown in Mwea rice paddies. • There was need to characterize and select the lines with desirable qualities in terms of aroma, high yield, grain quality and other consumer preferences and preserve their germplasm.

  7. Justification • Many families around Mwea rely on rice farming as their source of livelihood. • This source is threatened by the continuous decline in quality and yield of the elite commercial varieties such as basmati (pishori). Rice production in Mwea has been adversely affected by lack of certified seed. • The project was carried out to characterize the basmati variant lines currently grown in Mwea and identify those with desirable traits and preserve the germplasm. Certified rice seeds will be generated and availed to farmers in order to increase yield hence income and alleviate poverty.

  8. OBJECTIVES • To carry out phenotypic and molecular characterization of selected basmati lines • To select the lines with desirable qualities for seed certification

  9. METHODOLOGY • Phenotypic characterization was carried out in MIAD paddy fields • Molecular characterization ongoing in JKUAT • 11 basmati lines (Basmati 370 and Basmati 217). 5 of them earlier charactrized • RCBD with three replications • Plot size: 7m by 3m

  10. METHODOLOGY

  11. DATA COLLECTION Phenotypic characterization • Quantitative data • Plant height • Total tiller number, productive tillers • Panicle length • Filled and sterile grains per panicle • 1000 grain weight • Awn length • Qualitative data • Leaf colour • Presence of awns • Culm habit • Date of flowering

  12. DATA ANALYSIS • Data was analyzed using SAS software

  13. RESULTS-Plant height • V1L2 and V2L1 were taller than all other lines • V1L4 was significantly shorter than other lines

  14. RESULTS-Total tillers • V1L4 had the highest number of tillers while V1L1 and V2L3 lowest number of tillers

  15. RESULTS-Productive tillers • V1L2 and V1L4 had the highest number of productive tillers • V1L1 had the lowest number of productive tillers

  16. RESULTS-Panicle length VIL2 and V1L5 had significantly longer panicles while V1L4 had shorter panicles

  17. RESULTS-Total grains per panicle VIL3 and V1L8 had the highest number of grains per panicle while V1L4 had the least number of grains per panicle

  18. RESULTS- Filled grains per panicle VIL3 and V1L8 had the highest number of filled grains per panicle while V1L4 had the least number of filled grains per panicle

  19. RESULTS-1000 grain weight • VIL2, V1L5,V1L6 and V1L8 had high 1000grain weight, with V1L2 having the highest • V1L3,V1L4 and V2L1 had the least 1000-grain weight

  20. RESULTS- Yield • VIL2 and V1L8 had the most yields • V1L4 had the least yield

  21. RESULTS-Morphological characteristics

  22. V1L3 V1L1 • Early flowering in V1L1 • Light green leaves in V1L3 CONTROL

  23. DISCUSSION • Some lines maintained characteristics: • -V1L1- Early flowering • -V1L2- High yields • -VIL3- Light green leaves • V1L2 and V1L8 were superior to the control and other lines in yields and 1000-grain weight • V1L1 though early flowering was low yielding

  24. .CONCLUSION • Some variant lines had superior qualities to the control

  25. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT • NIB • JKUAT

  26. THANK YOU

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